² à   ÃæÇ áÙäÇ èÍêÏÉ ¡ áê çÐÇ ÇäÏÑÓ º · ÃÓÑÉ åçÇ · ÇäÖåÇÆÑ · ÇäÌåÙ · ÇäÌåäÉ ÇäÇÓåêÉ º ÇäåÈÊÏàèÇäÎÈÑ · ÔÚä ÇäÈêÊ Introducing yourself · ÊîÐîãàñîÑèÇ º    èÇäÏê áê åðæ ÙÑÈê ÅæÌäêÒê áÑæÓê èÇäÏÊê ÊÙåä åãÊÈ ÈêÊ ÇÓå ÊÓãæ ÊÙäñåèÇ º    åàïÊîàÑÌàðå translator åàïÊîàÎàîÕñðàÕ áê ®® specializing /specialist in ÇäÊîàÑÌîåÉ translation Åäé ¨­ åðæ© to (direction towards) äàïàÚàÉ   language ÇäâàïÈàèä admissions ÇäÊàñîÓÌêàä registration ÃîêÖëÇ also åîÔÚàèä Èà ð busy with ÔàïÚàä  ½  Ùîàåîàä work ÇäåàîÓÇÁ evening ÇäæîàçÇÑ daytime ÏÇÆàðåëÇ always äê I have ÎÇäÉ maternal aunt ÍàîêàËï where (not in questions) ÈàðæàÊ girl; daughter èîÍêÏÉ  ¨åÄæË©  only; lonely ÃïÓàòÑÉ family áðàÙàäÇë really!, truly ÇðÓÊîåðÙèÇ ¯ ÔÇçðÏèÇ º  Listen / Watch        Listen to the tape or watch the video, then answer the following questions: 1. What is åçÇ talking about here? 2. What new information have you learned about åçÇ from the tape? ÇðÓÊîåÙèÇ ¯ ÔÇçðÏèÇ åîÑñÉ ËÇæêɺ         Listen/watch again, then answer: ³à  åÇÐÇ êÙåä èÇäÏ åçÇ ¿ ´à  åÇÐÇ ÊÙåä èÇäÏÉ åçÇ ¿ µà  åîæ æÇÏêÉ ¿ ¶à  Ãêæ ÊÓãæ æÇÏêÉ ¿  åÇÐÇ ÊÙåä ¿ ÇðÓÊåÙèÇ èÎîåñæèÇ º  Listen and guess       Now listen again, and guess the meaning of the following from context: ·à  èðäÇêÉ ãÇäêáèÑæêÇ  ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ¸à  ÔÚä ÇäÈêÊ  àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ÇäËâÇáÉ ÔÚä ÇäÈêÊ The workings of individual Arab families differ as much as those of American ones. Either partner may be responsible for day-to-day budgeting and financial management, and it is increasingly common for both husband and wife to work outside the home (extended families often help with day care). Marriage is seen as a partnership in both cultures; however, in Arab culture, partnersÕ expectations of each other have not changed as drastically as those in the U.S. have in recent years. In general, the rights and responsibilities of each party remain based on a traditional division of labor (rather than on sharing tasks) in which the wife is responsible for work inside the home, while the husband is expected to be available to run errands, grocery and other, outside it. ¢ÃæÇ èÍêÏÉ¢ In Arab culture, spending time by oneself (except to work or study) is generally viewed as undesirable and to be avoided if possible. Close relations and frequent visits among neighbors, members of the extended family, and friends mean that one need rarely be alone for an extended period of time.    ÊåÑêæ ±       What can you say about åçÇ and her family?   ±à  èÇäÏ åçÇ  àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà áê ÇäÊÑÌåÉ ®   ²à  æÇÏêÉ àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà  åçÇ èçê ÊÓãæ áê ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ãÇäêáèÑæêÇ ®   ³à  èÇäÏÉ åçÇ åÔÚèäÉ  ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ®   ´à  ÎÇäÉ åçÇ  ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà áê Èæã ®   µà  èÇäÏÉ åçÇ ÊÙåä áê åãÊÈ ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà áê ÌÇåÙÉ æêèêèÑã ®   ¶à  åçÇ ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ®   ·à  èÇäÏÉ åçÇ áäÓ×êæêÉ èÎÇäÉ åçÇ áäÓ×êæêÉ àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ®   ¸à  èÇäÏ åçÇ êÙåä áê ÇäÊÑÌåÉ åæ ÇääÚÉ ÇäÙÑÈêÉ Åäé àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà èààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ®   ¹à  èÇäÏÉ åçÇ åÔÚèäÉ áê àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà èáê ÇäåÓÇÁ ® °±à  åçÇ ÇäÈæÊ ÇäèÍêÏÉ áê àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ®    ÊåÑêæ  ²        Listen to åçÇ on tape and fill in the blanks: èÇäÏê àààààààààààààààààààààààààààà åÊÎÕÕ áê àààààààààààààààààààààààààààà åæ èÅäé àààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ÇäÙÑÈêÉ èÇäÇæÌäêÒêÉ èààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ¬ èèÇäÏÊê  àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà áê åãÊÈ ÇäâÈèä èàààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ®   èÇäÏê àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ÏÇÆåÇ ¬ èèÇäÏÊê àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà åÔÚèäÉ ÈÇäÙåä áê ÇäæçÇÑ èÈÔÚä àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà áê ÇäåÓÇÁ ® äê ÎÇäÉ àààààààààààààààààààààààààààà æÇÏêÉ àààààààààààààààààààààààààààà áê èäÇêÉ ãÇäêáèÑæêÇ ¬ ÍêË ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà áê Èæã ® ÃæÇ ÇäÈæÊ ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà áê ÇäÃÓÑÉ  èÃæÇ àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà èÍêÏÉ ¡    ÊåÑêæ  ³       Describe yourself. Use the following sentences as a starting point : ±à  ÃÓãæ áê ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ¬ ÍêË ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ® ²à  ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà áê ÇäæçÇÑ èààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà áê ÇäåÓÇÁ ® ³à  ÃæÇ åÊÎÕñÕ ¯ åÊÎÕñÕÉ áê àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ® ´à  ÃæÇ ÏÇÆåëÇ àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ® µà  ÃæÇ åÔÚèä àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ® ¶à  ÃæÇ áÙäÇë ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ¡ ·à  ÃÓÑÊê àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ® ÇäâèÇÙÏ ÇäÖåÇÆÑ  Pronouns Arabic has three sets of personal pronouns: subject, object and possessive. As is the case in English, there is some overlap among these sets. However, Arabic has more pronouns than English, in part because of the distinction in gender. You will learn all of these pronouns over the course of the year; for now, learn the following most commonly used subject pronouns:  ÃîæÇ I æîàÍòàæï we ÃîæÊî ¨åÐãÑ© you ÃîæÊàïå you (plural) ÃîæÊð ¨åÄæË© you çïàèî he çàïå they çðàêî she ÇäÌàåàÙ      åàïáàÑîÏ       singular ÌàîåàÙ           plural English has only one regular plural pattern, the addition of s to the singular, as in students. Arabic has about fifteen regular patterns that you will learn over the course of the year. The first step in acquiring these patterns is to memorize individual words as vocabulary (this will become easier as your vocabulary grows). The following chart gives the plurals of the words you have learned so far. Memorize them:  ÇäåïáÑîÏ ÇäÌîåÙ ×ÇäÈ ×àïäÇñÈ ÑîÌàïä ÑðÌàÇä åÏêæÉ åïàÏïæ åæ×âÉ åîæÇ×ðâ åãÊÈ åàîãÇÊàðÈ ÃïÓÊÇÐ ÃîÓÇÊðÐÉ ÇðÓå ÃîÓåÇÁ èîäàîÏ ÃîèäÇÏ ÈêÊ ÈàïêàèÊ ÔÇÑÙ ÔàîèÇÑðÙ ÃïÓÑÉ ÇïÓàîÑ ÇðåÑÃÉ æàðÓàÇÁ ÌÇåÙÉ ÌÇåÙÇÊ èðäÇêÉ èäÇêÇÊ ÎÇäÉ ÎÇäÇÊ äàïÚàÉ äàÚàÇÊ ×ÇÆÑÉ ×ÇÆÑÇÊ ÓêñÇÑÉ ÓêñÇÑÇÊ ÈàðæÊ ÈàîæàÇÊ åîàÔÚèä åÔÚèäèæ ¯ åÔÚèäêæ åïàÊÑÌàå åÊÑÌåèæ ¯ åÊÑÌåêæ åïÊÎÕñÕ åÊÎÕñÕèæ ¯ åÊÎÕñÕêæ åÕÑêñ åÕÑêñèæ ¯ åÕÑêñêæ From now on, as you learn new words, memorize the singular and plural together as a unit. The abbreviation for ÌåÙ is Ì® , it will be used in vocabulary lists as follows: word ãàîäàðåÉ Ì® ãàîäðàåÇÊ The list of plurals above contains examples of many common plural patterns. Three different types of plurals emerge from this list: broken plurals, ­ÇÊ plurals, and èæ ¯ ­êæ- plurals. 1. Broken Plurals ¨ÌåÙ ÇäÊîãòÓêÑ© As you can see from the list, most plural patterns involve a change in the syllabic structure of the word, such that the same consonants are retained but are re-formed into new syllables with different short and long vowels. For example, compare ÑîÌïä to its plural ÑðÌÇä : both contain the same consonants, Ñ ­ Ì ­ ä , but the vowels have changed. This kind of plural is called ÌåÙ ÇäÊîãÓêÑ broken plural. Memorize these plurals one by one. As you acquire more vocabulary, you will see that the same syllabic patterns recur, and you will be able to memorize the plurals more easily because of them. 2. ­ÇÊ Plurals ¨ÌåÙ ÇäåÄæË© In the list above, look at all the words that end in àÇÊ , and compare the plural forms of these words to the singular. What can you infer about this pattern? The great majority of words that end in É form their plural by dropping the É from the singular and adding ÇÊ . Use this rule of thumb to help you learn their plurals, but pay attention to and memorize the exceptions! Note, for example, that the plural of åÏêæÉ is åïÏïæ (not åÏêæÇÊ). 3. èæ ¯ ­êæ- Plurals ¨ÌåÙ ÇäåÐãÑ© Note that two forms of the plural are given for the final five nouns in the chart above. Both forms are used in formal Arabic; the difference is grammatical. Learn to recognize both now, and you will learn the grammatical differences later. In spoken Arabic, only the second form, with ­êæ , is used (e.g., åÕÑêêæ). Almost all æÓÈÉ adjectives can take this plural. For example: äàïÈæÇæêñ   Ì®   äÈæÇæêñèæ ¯ äÈæÇæêñêæ ÓèÑêñ    Ì®    ÓèÑêñèæ ¯ ÓèÑêñêæ There is one important exception: ÙîÑîÈê   Ì®   ÙîÑîÈ    ÊåÑêæ ´      Practice using pronouns to talk about people and things by completing the following conversations, as in the example: åËÇäº    ¢çä ÃæÊð ÃÓÊÇÐÉ¿¢    ¢äÇ  ÃæÇ  ×ÇäÈÉ ®¢    ±à  ¢çä ààààààààààààààààààààà ×ÇäÈÉ ¿¢      ¢æÙå ®¢   ²à  ¢åðæ Ãêæ ààààààààààààààààààà êÇ åÇÑê ¿¢      ¢àààààààààààà  åæ ãÇäêáèÑæêÇ ®¢   ³à  ¢çä àààààààààààààààààààààààààà åÕÑê êÇ ÃÍåÏ ¿¢     ¢äÇ® ààààààààààààààààààààà ÓèÏÇæê ®¢   ´à  ¢åîæ ààààààààààààààààà ¿¢       ¢àààààààààààààààààààààààà ÃÓÇÊðÐÉ áê ÌÇåÙÉ ÍîàäàîÈ áê ÓèÑêÇ ®¢   µà  ¢çä ààààààààààààààààààààààà áäÓ×êæêèæ ¿ ¢      ¢äÇ®  àààààààààààààààààààà ÃÑÏæêèæ ®¢   ¶à  ¢åîæ æÇÏêÉ ¿¢         ¢ààààààààààààààààààààààà ÎÇäÉ åçÇ ®¢   ·à  ¢Ãêæ êÙåä èÇäÏ åçÇ ¿¢       ¢àààààààààààààààààààààà êÙåä áê ÇäÇåå ÇäåÊÍÏÉ ®¢   ¸à  ¢Ãêæ ÊÏÑÓ ¿¢      ¢ÃÏÑÓ áê åêÏäÈÑê  èàààààààààààààààààààààà ÌÇåÙÉ ÕÚêÑÉ áê ÷êÑåèæÊ ®¢   ¹à  ¢Ãêæ ÊÓãæ ¿¢      ¢ÃÓãæ áê ÔÇÑÙ ÈÑèÏèÇê ¬ èàààààààààààààààààà âÑêÈ åæ ÇäÌÇåÙÉ ®¢    ÊåÑêæ µ       Practice talking about groups by using plurals, as in the example: åËÇäº    æÍæ ÃåÑêãêèæ ®  ¨ÃåÑêãê©   ±à  çå ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ® ¨×ÇäÈ©   ²à  ÇäÙÑÈêÉ èÇäÅæÌäêÒêÉ èÇäáÑæÓêÉ àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ® ¨äÚÉ©   ³à  ÃæÊå àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ® ¨ÙÑÈê©   ´à  åÍåÏ èáÇ×åÉ èÓÙêÏ ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ® ¨ÓèÑê©   µà  ¢çèæÏÇ¢ è¢áèÑÏ¢ è¢ÔáÑèäê碠 ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ® ¨ÓêÇÑÉ©   ¶à  çå ààààààààààààààààààààààààààà áê ÇäÇåå ÇäåÊÍÏÉ ® ¨åÊÑÌå©   ·à  æÍæ ÏÇÆåëÇ àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ÈÇäÙåä ® ¨åÔÚèä©   ¸à  ãÇäêáèÑæêÇ èèÇÔæ×æ èÊãÓÇÓ àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ® ¨èäÇêÉ©   ¹à  åæçÇÊæ èÈÑèãäêæ èÈÑèæãÓ  àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà áê æêèêèÑã ® ¨åæ×âÉ© °±à ÇäâÇçÑÉ èÈÚÏÇÏ èÏåÔâ èÈêÑèÊ ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ÙÑÈêÉ ®  ¨åÏêæÉ©  ÇäÌåäÉ ÇäÇÓåêÉ   ÌàïåàäàÉ                             sentence ÇðÓå                                      noun subject (in ÌåäÉ ÇÓåêÉ ) åïàÈàÊîàÏîà ÎàîÈàîÑ                              predicate Thus far, you have seen and heard a basic sentence structure that is called in Arabic ÇäÌïåäÉ ÇäÇðÓåêÉ , from the word ÇðÓå , which in grammar means noun. ÇäÌåäÉ ÇäÇÓåêÉ is a sentence that begins with a noun or pronoun, such as: ±à  èÇäÏê åÕÑê ® ´à  çå åÔÚèäèæ ÈÇäÙåä ® ²à  çê ×ÇäÈÉ ®    µà  åçÇ ÊÓãæ áê æêèêèÑã ® ³à  ÃæÇ åæ ãÇäêáèÑæêÇ ® ¶à  èÇäÏÊê ÊÙåä ÓãÑÊêÑÉ ® Arabic does not use the verb to be in the present tense. When ÇäÌåäÉ ÇäÇÓåêÉ consists only of nouns, pronouns, and/or adjectives, the meaning is (or are or am) is understood. How would you translate sentences ¨±­´© above? Try to identify the placement of the assumed verb to be. What clues helped you determine the meaning of each sentence? The parts of ÇäÌåäÉ ÇäÇÓåêÉ are called ÇäàåàïÈàÊîàÏîà subject and ÇäÎàîÈàîÑ predicate (literally new information, i.e., what is being related about the subject). In order to understand this type of sentence, you must first identify its two parts, especially in sentences in which the verb to be is understood. As you can see in the examples above, ÇäÎàÈàÑ can be anything: noun, adjective, verb, prepositional phrase, etc. When ÇäÎàÈàÑ is a noun or adjective, it tends to be indefinite, as in the examples above; this will help you to identify where the break between the two parts lies. The following diagrams show the breakdown of two Ìïàåîàä ÇÓåêÉ :      ÃæÇ åÕÑêÉ åçÇ ÊÓãæ áê æêèêèÑã      ÃæÇ åÕÑêÉ     åçÇ ÊÓãæ áê æêèêèÑã    ÇäåÈÊÏà  ÇäÎÈÑ     ÇäåÈÊÏà      ÇäÎÈÑ In this type of sentence, nouns and adjectives in both ÇäåÈÊÏà and ÇäÎÈÑ must agree in gender (both åÐãÑ or both åÄæË), and number (both åáÑÏ or both ÌåÙ), as these examples show: åçÇ åÕÑêÉ ® åÍåÏ åÊÑÌå ® çê ÃÓÊÇÐÉ ® çå åÊÎÕÕèæ áê ÇäÃÏÈ ® æÍæ ×äÇÈ ® ÃæÊå åÔÚèäèæ ®    ÊåÑêæ ¶            Identify both ÇäåÈÊÏàand ÇäÎÈÑ in these sentences: ±à  ÓÇåêÉ èåïæé èäêäé ×ÇäÈÇÊ ® µà  æêèêèÑã åÏêæÉ ãÈêÑÉ ® ²à  èÇäÏê åÔÚèä ÈÇäÙåä ® ¶à  ãÇäêáèÑæêÇ èäÇêÉ ® ³à  èÇäÏÊê åÊÎÕÕÉ áê ÇäãåÈêèÊÑ® ·à  ÃæÇ ÇäÈæÊ ÇäèÍêÏÉ ® ´à  çê ÊÏÑÓ ÇääÚÉ ÇäÙÑÈêÉ ® ¸à  çå ÃÓÇÊÐÉ åæ åÕÑ ®    ÊåÑêæ ·            Match each åÈÊÏà in column ¢Ã¢ with an appropriate ÎÈÑ  in column ¢È¢. Pay attention to agreement! Refer to the chart on page 27 if necessary. à                                                       È ÇäÃèäÇÏ åÊÎÕÕÉ áê ÇäÃÏÈ ÇäáÑæÓê çè ÃÓÇÊÐÉ ÙÑÈ ÇäÏãÊèÑÉ ÓÇåêÉ ÌÇåÙÇÊ ¢çÇÑ÷ÑÏ¢ è¢ÈÑÇè梠è¢ãèäèåÈêÇ¢ æÓÇÁ ÙÑÈêÇÊ ÇäåãÊÈ åÔÚèäèæ äêäé èáÇ×åÉ èÌåêäÉ  ÇäèäÏ ÇäèÍêÏ áê ÇäÇÓÑÉ Ï® Ùäê èÏ® ÙÇêÏÉ èÏ® ÓÙêÏ ×ÇäÈÇÊ ÃåÑêãêÇÊ ãÇËÑêæ èÅäêÒÇÈË èåÇæÏê áê çÐç ÇäÈæÇêÉ    ÊåÑêæ ¸       çè èçê Below are two personal ads in which the person first describes himself or herself, then describes the qualities he or she seeks in a spouse. Skim the ads and answer: 1. Which of these ads was placed by a man seeking a wife and which by a woman seeking a husband? Underline all of the words that tell you so. (Hint: look for gender on nouns, adjectives, and verb prefixes.) 2. Do you think that these two people are suitable for each other? Why/why not? 3. Guess the meaning of Ãîè : _______   ÇäæÕá ÇäËÇæê     F61 ÇäÂæÓÉ Ù ®çàà  åæ ÇäÏÇÑ ÇäÈêÖÇÁ áê ÇäåÚÑÈ à 28 Óæɬ ÓãÑÊêÑÉ  åÊèÓ×É  ÇäÌåÇä ¬  çÇÏÆÉ Çä×ÈÇÙ¬ ÍÓæÉ  ÇäÇÎäÇâ ¬  åæ ÙÇÆäÉ  åÍÇáØɬ ÊÑÚÈ  ÈÇäÒèÇÌ åæ ÔàààÇÈ ÙÑÈê  åÓäå ¬  êâàÏÑ ÇäàÍêÇÉ ÇäààÒèÌêààÉ ¬ èêáÖä  Çæ  êãèæ  åÚÑÈêÇë  Çè  ÊèæÓêÇë  Çè  ÌÒÇÆÑêÇë åâêåÇë áê ÇèÑèÈÇ  Çè  ãæÏÇ  èäÇ êÊÌÇèÒ ÙåÑç 42 ÓæÉ® F74 Ù®á åÚÑÈê åâêå áê çèäæÏǬ 28 Óæɬ åÓÊèé ÌààÇåÙàê ¬  çÇÏéÁ  Çä×ÈààÇÙ ¬  åÑÈê ÇÌÊåààÇÙê  êààèÏ ÇäÒèÇÌ  åæ  áÊÇÉ  ÙÑÈêÉ  åËâáÉ  ÌåêäÉ  äÇ  Êáàèâç  áê ÇäÓæ  èêáÖäçÇ ÓèÑêÉ ¬  Çè äÈæÇæêÉ  Çè  ÇÑÏæêÉ® åæ åÌäÉ Çäè×æ ÇäÙÑÈê  ·²¯¹¯±¹¹±    ÊåÑêæ ¹       æÔÇ× âÑÇÁÉ ÊÙäåèÇ çÐç ÇäãäåÇʺ ÈîÑæÇåîÌ    program âàîÏêàå ancient, old (for things, not people) ÇäÔñîÑâ ÇäÃîèòÓàî× Middle East   ½  ÇäÔîÑâ ÇäÃîÏæé Near East Now read the text below and answer these questions: 1. What do you think this is? 2. Find the Arabic words for center ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà and department ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà 3. Underline all languages that are taught here. Why are their names all åÄæË? 4. In line 5, guess the meaning of:    ÈîãÇäèÑêèÓ ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà åÇÌàðÓÊêÑ  ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ÏïãÊèÑÇç   àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà 5. Under each language listing, you see the following words. Guess their meaning: ÇðÈàÊðàÏÇÆàê ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà åàïÊîàèîÓàñð× ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà åàïÊîàâàîÏñðå ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ·°±  ­  ÌÇåÙÉ æêèêèÑã ­ æêèêèÑã ¯ æêèêèÑã    ÇäÈÑæÇåÌ º  åÑãÒ çÇâèÈ ãêáèÑãêÇæ äÏÑÇÓÇÊ ÇäÔÑâ ÇäÃÏæé ¬ ÔÙÈÉ ÏÑÇÓÇÊ äÚÇÊ èÂÏÇÈ ÇäÔÑâ ÇäÃÏæé ¬ ÔÙÈÉ ÇäÏÑÇÓÇÊ ÇäÙÈÑêÉ èÇäêçèÏêÉ Hagop Kevorkian Center for Near Eastern Studies; Department of Near Eastern Languages and Literatures; Department of Hebrew and Judaic Studies.    ÇäÏÑÌÇÊ ÇäÙäåêÉ º ÈãÇäèÑêèÓ ¬ åÇÌÓÊêÑ ¬ ÏãÊèÑÇç ®    äÚÇÊ ÇäÔÑâ ÇäÃèÓ× º äÚÉ ÙÑÈêÉ ¨ÇÈÊÏÇÆê ¬ åÊèÓ× ¬ åÊâÏå ¬ ÍäâÉ ÏÑÇÓêÉ© ¬ ÊÑãêÉ ¨¨ÇÈÊÏÇÆꬠåÊèÓ× ¬ åÊâÏ婬 áÇÑÓêÉ ¨ÇÈÊÏÇÆê ¬ åÊèÓ× åÊâÏå ¬ ÍäâÉ ÏÑÇÓêÉ© ¬  ÙÈÑêÉ ¨ÇÈÊÏÇÆê ¬ åÊèÓ× ¬ åÊâÏå ¬  ÍäâÉ ÏÑÇÓêÉ© ¬ ÃãÇÏêÉ ¬ ÂÑÇåêÉ ¬ ÓÇåêÉ ÇäÔåÇä ÇäÚÑÈê ¬ ÇäåÕÑêÉ ÇäâÏêåÉ ®            åæ  ¢Ïäêä ÈÑÇåÌ ÇäÏÑÇÓÇÊ ÇäÙÑÈêÉ èÇäÇÓäÇåêÉ èÇäÔÑâ ÇèÓ×êÉ áê ÇäÌÇåÙÇÊ ÇäÇåÑêãêÉ¢ ¬ ÓáÇÑÉ ÇäååäãÉ ÇäÙÑÈêÉ ÇäÓÙèÏêÉ áê èÇÔæ×欠1¹¹±    ÊåÑêæ °±           Practice asking and answering questions using words from the list:   ÇäÇåå ÇäåÊÍÏÉ æáÓ çä Ãêæ çè åÇÐÇ   åÑêÖÉ ÌèÙÇæ èÇÓÙ åÇ åðæ Ãêæ ÇäÚÑáÉ   ÍêË åæ×âÉ çê åÏêæÉ ÇäèäÇêÇÊ ÇäåÊÍÏÉ   ±à  ¢Ãêæ ÌÇåÙÉ ãèäèåÈêÇ ¿¢  ­  ¢çê áê àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà æêèêèÑã ®¢   ²à  ¢Ãêæ ÊÓãæ ¿¢  ­  ¢ÃÓãæ áê ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà âÑêÈÉ åæ ÇäÌÇåÙÉ ®¢   ³à  ¢ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ÃæÊ ¿¢   ­   ¢åæ åÕÑ®¢   ´à  ¢ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà çÐç ¿¢   ­   ¢çÐç ×ÇèäÉ ®¢   µà  ¢ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ÊÏÑÓ áê ÇäÌÇåÙÉ ¿¢   ­   ¢ÃÏÑÓ ÇäÃÏÈ ÇäáÑæÓê ®¢   ¶à  ¢ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ÊÓãæ áê åÕÑ ¿¢   ­   ¢äÇ ¬ ÃÓãæ áê àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ¡¢   ·à  ¢Ãêæ  àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ¿¢   ­   ¢çê áê åæ×âÉ åæçÇÊæ ®¢   ¸à  ¢Ãêæ ÇäÇÓÊÇÐÉ ¿¢   ­   ¢çê áê àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ®¢   ¹à  ¢åîæ ÃÍåÏ ¿¢   ­   ¢àààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ×ÇäÈ ¬ èæÍæ áê àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ÇäÕá ®¢ °±à ¢çä ÃæÊð ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ¿¢  ­  ¢æÙå ¬ ÙæÏê ÈÑÏ ®¢    ÊåÑêæ ±±        åÙ ÙÇÆäÉ åçÇ     Read the following passage, first to yourself, for comprehension, then aloud, to practice pronunciation: ÇÓåê æÇÏêÉ ×ÇçÑ ÏÑèêÔ ¬ èÃæÇ ÎÇäÉ åçÇ ®  ÃÓãæ áê åÏêæÉ äèÓ ÃæÌäêÓ áê ÈêÊ ÕÚêÑ áê åæ×âÉ âÑêÈÉ åæ ÌÇåÙÉ ãÇäêáèÑæêÇ ¢êè Óê  Ãä Çêç ¢®  ÃÙåä áê Èæã ãÈêÑ ¬ èÃæÇ åÊÎÕñÕÉ áê ÇäãåÈêèÊÑ®    ÊåÑêæ ²±       æÔÇ× âÑÇÁÉ ÊîÙàîäàñîåèÇ çÐç ÇäãäåÇʺ   ÌàðæàÓðàêàñîÉ nationality ÈîàäàîàÏ  Ì®  ÈàðäÇÏ country ÙàïæàèÇæ address ÓàîæàÉ  Ì®  ÓîàæîàèÇÊ year On the next page is an advertisement for pen pals. 1. Skim the text and figure out what ÇäÙïåÑ means: ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà 2. Use it to make your own list of possible Arab pen pals by completing the chart:         ÇäÇÓå ÇäÙåÑ   ÇäÌæÓêÉ ÇäÙæèÇæ     ±à äêòäé ÌîÈÑîç ÏðÈÓ     ²à æîÌå ÇäÏêæ åïÍåñîÏ ÓîÙêÏ     ³à ÑîåîÖÇæ åÍåÏ ÃÍåÏ     ´à åïÑÊîÖé ÍïÓêòæ ÇääÇåê     µà      ¶à     åæ åÌäÉ ¢ÇäáÑÓÇ梠µ² ÂÐÇÑ ¯ åÇÑÓ ±¹¹±    ÊåÑêæ ³±       æÔÇ× åÍÇÏËÉ   1. Introduce yourself formally to your classmates. Include as much information as you can about yourself and your family. 2. As your classmates introduce themselves, write down as much of the information as you can.    ÊåÑêæ ´±       æÔÇ× ãÊÇÈÉ  On the next page is an application. Determine what it is for (hint: look for proper names), then fill it out as completely as you can: ÊÙäåèÇ çÐç ÇäãäåÇʺ ÊÇÑêÎ date åêäÇÏ birth çÇÊðá Êäêáèæ