³ à   ÙÇÆäÉ èÇäÏê áê çÐÇ ÇäÏÑÓ º · ÃâÇÑÈ åçÇ · ÇäÅÖÇáÉ · ÖåÇÆÑ ÇäåäãêÉ Possessive pronouns · ¢ ÇäÙåñ ¢ · ÇäÙÇÆäÉ ÇäÙÑÈêÉ · ÇäÌÇåÙÇÊ ÇäÙÑÈêÉ ÊÐãñÑèÇ º  Remember      ãÈêÑ èÇäÏ çÐÇ ¬ çÐç ÃÓÑÉ çè ¬ çê ÃÓÊÇÐ ÌÇåÙÉ ÈæÊ ¬ ÈæÇÊ ÇäÅåÇÑÇÊ ÇäÙÑÈêÉ ÇäåÊÍÏÉ ÊÙäàñåèÇ º  Learn    ÙÇÆðàäàÉ  Ì®  ÙàÇÆàðäÇÊ (extended) family ÃîÙÑðá I know âîÑêÈ  Ì®  ÃîâÇÑðÈ    relative ÕèÑÉ  Ì®  ÕïàèîÑ picture ÑðÓÇäÉ  Ì®  ÑîÓÇÆðàä letter Ùîàåñ  Ì®  ÃîÙåÇå paternal uncle Ùàîåñê my (paternal) uncle ÃïÓÑÊàïçï his family ÖÇÈàð×  Ì®  ÖàïÈàñÇ× officer ÌîêÔ  Ì®  ÌàïêèÔ army áê ÇäÍàîâêàâàÉ actually, in reality ÇðÈæ  Ì®  ÃîîÈæÇÁ son ÇðÈæ Ùîàåñ  Ì®  ÃÈæÇÁ Ùåñ cousin (male, paternal) ãàïàäàðñêñàÉ  Ì®  ãàäñêÇÊ college, school (in a university) ÇäÙïàäèå ÇäÓðñêàÇÓðàêñàÉ political science êïàÏîÑðñÓ he teaches ÒîèÌ  Ì®  ÃîÒèÇÌ husband ÒèÌàïçÇ her husband ÇäÂæ now    ÊåÑêæ ±       Match the words with the corresponding illustrations:    ÑÓÇäÉ ÌêÔ ÙÇÆäÉ ÒèÌ ÒèÌÉ ÇÈæ    ÖÇÈ× ÈæÇÊ ÕèÑÉ ÈæÊ êÏÑñÓ êÏÑÓ ÇÓÊåÙèÇ ¯ ÔÇçðÏèÇ º Listen /Watch         1. Whose pictures is åçÇ holding? 2. Whose names does åçÇ mention? ÇÓÊåÙèÇ ¯ ÔÇçðÏèÇ åÑñÉ ËÇæêÉ º         ³à  åîæ çè åîÍåèÏ¿ ´à  åæ çè ÙÇÏðä¿   åÇÐÇ êÙåä¿ µà  åæ çè ÃÍåÏ¿   Ãêæ êÙåä ÇäÂæ¿ ¶à  åæ çê áÇ×åÉ¿ åæ áê ÇÓÑÊçÇ¿ ÇÓÊåÙèÇ èÎåñæèǺ Listen and guess        Guess the meaning of: ·à  ÙåñàÊê  ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ¸à  Èàðà in) ÈàÌÇåÙÉ ÇäâÇçÑÉ  and ÈÇäÅåÇÑÇÊ( ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà Write the name of the university where ÃÍåÏ teaches now: ¹à  ÌÇåÙÉ àààààààààààààààààààààààààà ÈÇäÅåÇÑÇÊ ÇäËâÇáÉ   ¢ÇäÙîåñ¢ You heard åçÇ refer to ÃÍåÏ as Ùåñê ÃÍåÏ even though he is her fatherÕs cousin. The words Ùå , ÎÇäÉ , and ÙåñÉ may be used to address distant relatives, in-laws, and as terms of respect for older people outside the family circle. For example, a man who marries into the family is addressed by younger members of the family as Ùåê , mother- and father-in-laws are addressed ÎÇäÊê and Ùåê , and a distant female relative may be called ÙåÊê. ÇäÙÇÆäÉ ÇäÙÑÈêÉ In general, the extended family plays a bigger role in Arab society than in American society. Family members visit each other often, in many cases once a week or so if they live in the same city. In addition, family relationships are more specifically identified in Arabic, which has two words for aunt, two for uncle and eight for cousin. (Husbands and wives of aunts and uncles are not themselves uncles and aunts, but ÒèÌ ÙåÉ  , ÒèÌÉ Ùå , and so forth.) You have learned four of these words already: Ùåñ , ÙåÉ , ÎÇäÉ , and ÇÈæ Ùå , and from them you can extrapolate the rest. Use what you know about åÐãÑ and åÄæË to complete the following diagram of the fatherÕs and motherÕs sides of the family, including aunts, uncles, their husbands and wives, and cousins: áê ÙÇÆäÉ  ÇäèÇäÏ Ùåñ « àààààààààààààà Ùå                                           ÙåñÉ « ÒèÌ ÙåñÉ  ÇÈæ Ùåñ                  ààààààààààààààà Ùåñ                             ÇÈæ ÙåñÉ                  ÈæÊ ÙåñàÉ áê ÙÇÆäÉ ÇäèÇäÏÉ ààààààààààà « ààààààààààà àààààààààààà                                            ÎÇäÉ « ÒèÌ ÎÇäÉ  ÇÈæ àààààààààà               ÈæÊ àààààààààààà                            ÇÈæ ÎÇäÉ                   ààààààààààà ÎÇäÉ    ÊåÑêæ ²             Practice using new vocabulary by completing the sentences with an appropriate word: ±à  çÐç àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà åæ èÇäÏê èèÇäÏÊê ® ²à  ÇäÃÙåÇå èÇäÎÇäÇÊ çå àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ® ³à  çê ×ÇäÈÉ áê ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ÇäÙäèå ÇäÓêÇÓêÉ áê ÌÇåÙÉ ÅæÏêÇæÇ ® ´à  ÒèÌ ÎÇäÊê ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ÇääÚÉ ÇääÇÊêæêÉ áê ÇäÌÇåÙÉ ® µà  áÇ×åÉ çê ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà åçÇ ® ¶à  çè êÙåä  ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ¢ÈèäêÓ ¢®  ·à  ÙÇÏä Ùå åçÇ ¬  èçè êÓãæ áê ÇäâÇçÑÉ ¬  ÍêË êÙåä áê ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ® ¸à  ¢çä ÃæÊ ×ÇäÈ¿¢    ¢äÇ ®  ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ¬  ÃæÇ ÓãÑÊêÑ®¢ ¹à  çÐç àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ÃÓÑÊê ®    ÊåÑêæ ³          Listen to åçÇ on tape again and complete: ààààààààààààààààààààààààà èÇäÏê ààààààààààààààààààààààààà ¬ ÃÙÑá ÃâÇÑÈê åæ àààààààààààààààààààààààààà èÇäÑÓÇÆä ® ààààààààààààààààààààààààààà Ùåê åÍåèÏ èÃÓÑÊç ¬ èçÐÇ Ùåê ÙÇÏä èàààààààààààààààààààààààààà ¬ Ùåê ÙÇÏä àààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ãÈêÑ áê ÇäÌêÔ ®  èçÐÇ àààààààààààààààààààààà ÃÍåÏ èÃÓÑÊç ­­ çè áê ÇäÍâêâÉ ààààààààààààààààààààààààà Ùå èÇäÏê ® Ùåê ÃÍåÏ ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà áê ãäêÉ àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ÇäÓêÇÓêÉ ÈÌÇåÙÉ ààààààààààààààààààààààààààà èçè  àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ÇäÂæ áê ÌÇåÙÉ ÇäÙêæ ÈÇäÅåÇÑÇÊ ÇäÙÑÈêÉ ÇäåÊÍÏÉ ®  èçÐç çê ÙåÊê áÇ×åÉ èàààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà èÇÈæçÇ èààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ® ÇäâèÇÙÏ    ÇäÅÖÇáÉ     The iDaafa is one of the fundamental structures of Arabic. Formally, ÇäÅÖÇáÉ consists of two or more nouns strung together to form a relationship of possession or belonging. You have seen many examples of ÇäÇÖÇáÉ , among them:   ÌÇåÙÉ æêèêèÑã    èäÇêÉ ãÇäêáèÑæêÇ   åãÊÈ ÇäâÈèä There are three important points to remember about ÇäÅÖÇáÉ : (1) The relationship between the two (or more) nouns may be thought of as equivalent to the English construction of. Arabic has no alternative construction for expressing this relationship between nouns. Thus, to say the secretary's office in Arabic, you must first reconstruct the phrase to the office of the secretary: åãÊÈ ÇäÓãÑÊêÑ. Note that many compound words in English are also expressed using ÇäÅÖÇáÉ , for example: housework ÔÚä ÇäÈêÊ (2) Only the final word in an ÅÖÇáÉ can take Çäà or a possessive suffix. In the following examples, note that the first word in each ÅÖÇáÉ is definite by definition, without Çäà . the family of my father = my fatherÕs family ÙÇÆäÉ èÇäÏê the office of the secretary = the secretaryÕs office åãÊÈ ÇäÓãÑÊêÑ The University of New York =New York University ÌÇåÙÉ æêèêèÑã The State of California èäÇêÉ ãÇäêáèÑæêÇ  These simple ÅÖÇáÇÊ all consist of two nouns. Complex ÅÖÇáÇÊ , on the other hand, contain more than two, in which case all non-final nouns behave like the first and never take Çäà . Examine the following ÅÖÇáÉ , which contains four nouns: ÃÍåÏ ÇÈæ Ùå èÇäÏ åçÇ the son of the uncle of the father of Maha= MahaÕs fatherÕs cousin You heard åçÇ use a similar ÅÖÇáÉ : ¢çè ÇÈæ Ùå èÇäÏê¢. Note that only the final noun takes the pronoun suffix. Use the following phrase to remember this rule: Ñâå Êäêáèæê my telephone number (3) In ÇäÅÖÇáÉ , É must always be pronounced as Ê on all words in which it appears except the final word in the ÅÖÇáÉ . Listen to the following words on tape, read first in isolation, then as the first part of an ÅÖÇáÉ , and compare the pronunciations.  ±à  åÏêæÉ  Ñ¾  åÏêæÉ æêèêèÑã ´à  ÚÑáÉ  Ñ¾  ÚÑáÉ ÇÈæ Ùåñê ²à  ÌÇåÙÉ  Ñ¾  ÌÇåÙÉ ÇäÙêæ µà  ÕèÑÉ   Ñ¾  ÕèÑÉ èÇäÏÊê ³à  ÙÇÆäÉ   Ñ¾  ÙÇÆäÉ èÇäÏê ¶à  ãäêɠѾ  ãäêÉ ÇäÙäèå ÇäÓêÇÓêÉ     ÊåÑêæ ´         Match nouns in column à with words in column È to form meaningful ÅÖÇáÉ , and write your combinations in the third column. Several different combinations are possible for some of the words. à    È ÇäÅÖÇáÉ ÇÈæ Çä×äÇÈ   ±à  ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ÕèÑÉ ÇäÙÇÆäÉ   ²à  àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà åÏêæÉ ÇäÌÇåÙÉ   ³à  àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà èäÇêÉ ÎÇäÊê   ´à  àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà åæ×âÉ  áÑÌêæêÇ   µà  àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ÙæèÇæ ÔêãÇÚè   ¶à  àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ãäêÇÊ ÇäÈæÊ   ·à  àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ÈÑæÇåÌ  ÇäÔÑâ ÇäÃèÓ×   ¸à  àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ÖÇÈ× ÇäÑÌä     ¹à  àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ÒèÌ ÇäÈèäêÓ °±à  ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà åãÊÈ ÇäÊÓÌêä ±±à  ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ÈêÊ ÇäåîÑòÃÉ  ¨½ÇäÇðåòÑîÃÉ©   ²±à  ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ÓêÇÑÉ     Ùåñê ³±à  ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ÒèÌÉ ÇäÇÓÊÇÐÉ ´±à  ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ÚÑáÉ ÇäÊäêáÒêèæ µ±à  ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà  ÖåÇÆÑ ÇäåäãêÉ        Possessive Pronouns Possessive pronouns in Arabic are suffixes. Those that you have already seen and heard include:   ÇÓåê   ÇÓåçÇ   èÇäÏê   ÇÓÑÊç  ÇÈæçÇ my name her name my father his family her son Remember: É is written and pronounced as Êà when a pronoun suffix is added. The possessive pronouns corresponding to the subject pronouns you know are:  ÃæÇ ààê æÍæ ààæàÇ ÃæÊî ààãî ÃæÊå ààãàïå ÃæÊð  ààãð çè  ààçï   çàå ààçàïå çê    ààçÇ Learn to recognize these as the written suffixes. The pronunciation of some the vowels in these endings varies slightly among different varieties of Arabic. The spoken endings are fixed for each dialect. In formal Arabic, the pronunciation of these endings varies slightly with different grammatical endings. For the present, you are expected to recognize the variants without worrying about the differences. The following chart gives one of the three formal endings that you will see and hear:  ÃæÇ ÈàêàÊàê   æÍæ  ÈàêàÊàïæàÇ ÃæÊî ÈàêàÊàïãî     ÃæÊå  ÈàêàÊàïãàïå ÃæÊð ÈàêàÊàïãð çè ÈàêàÊààïçï   çå   ÈàêàÊàïçïàå çê ÈàêàÊààïçàÇ     ÊåÑêæ µ     For each sentence, show whose, as in the example: åËÇäº ¨ÇÓå ¯ ÃæÇ© åÇÑê ® Ѿ ÇÓåê  åÇÑê ® ±à  Ãêæ ¨ãàïÊïÈ ¯ÃæÊî © ¿   ·à  Ãêæ ÊÓãæ ¨ÙåñÉ ¯ÃæÊð© ¿ ²à  çä ÊÙåä ¨èÇäÏÉ ¯ÃæÊð © ÏãÊèÑÉ ¿   ¸à  çä ¨ÌÇåÙÉ ¯ÃæÊå©  âÏêåÉ ¿ ³à  çê ÃÑÏæêÉ è¨ÃâÇÑÈ ¯çê© áê ÙåñÇæ ®   ¹à  ¨ÓãÑÊêѯÃæÇ© ÏÇÆåëÇ åÑêÖ ¡  ´à  ¨ÕèÑÉ ¯çè© ÌåêäÉ ¡ °±à  ¨ÑÓÇäÉ ¯çè© ×èêäÉ ¡ µà  ¨ÈêÊ ¯æÍæ© áê çÐç Çäåæ×âÉ ®      ±±à  ¨ÇÓÊÇР¯çå© êÏÑñÓ áê ÙïåÇæ ÇäÂæ ® ¶à  çä ¨ÙæèÇæ ¯ÃæÊî©  ÌÏêÏ ¿ ²±à  ¨ÚÑáÉ ¯æÍæ© áÙäÇë èÇÓÙÉ ¡    ÊåÑêæ ¶       Complete the following about åçÇ using appropriate pronouns, such as çê / ààçÇ . Remember to rewrite É as Ê where necessary: åËÇäº åçÇ ×ÇäÈÉ áê ÌÇåÙÉ æêèêèÑã èçê ÊÏÑÓ ÇäÃÏÈ ÇäÅæÌäêÒê® åçÇ ÊÓãæ áê åÏêæÉ æêèêèÑã è ààààààààà ×ÇäÈÉ áê ÌÇåÙÉ æêèêèÑã ®  èÇäÏ àààààààà åÕÑê ¬ èààààààààà êÙåä áê ÇäÇåå ÇäåÊÍÏÉ ¬ èèÇäÏÉ ààààààààà áäÓ×êæêÉ èààààààààà ÓãÑÊêÑÉ áê æáÓ ÇäÌÇåÙÉ ® åÍåèÏ èÙÇÏä èÃÍåÏ èáÇ×åÉ ÃâÇÑÈ åçÇ è ààààààààààà áê ÇäâÇçÑÉ® èæÇÏêÉ ÎÇäÉ àààààààààà èààààààààà ÊÓãæ áê ãÇäêáèÑæêÇ ®  Ùåñ ààààààààà åÍåèÏ è ÃÓÑÉ ààààààààà áê ÇäÅåÇÑÇÊ ÇäÂæ ®    ÊåÑêæ ·       æÔÇ× åÍÇÏËÉ Choose a central location in the classroom and have everyone place books, pencils and other objects there. Take turns choosing an object and returning it to its owner by asking, ¢çÐÇ ãÊÇÈã¿¢ or ãÊÇÈ åîæ çÐÇ ¿ .     ÊåÑêæ ¸         1. Listen to the following list on tape and circle each ÅÖÇáÉ that you hear. 2. Compare the ÅÖÇáÉ phrases to the non-ÅÖÇáÉ . What kind of construction is the latter? What do you notice about the grammatical agreement of the words?    ÊåÑêæ ¹         Read the following sentences describing åçÇ èÙÇÆäÊçÇ , first silently, for meaning, then aloud. Pay special attention to the pronunciation of É in ÇäÅÖÇáÇÊ . ±à  åçÇ ÈæÊ åÕÑêÉ ® ²à  èÇäÏÉ åçÇ åÔÚèäÉ ÏÇÆåëÇ ® ³à  ÙÇÆäÉ èÇäÏ åçÇ ãÈêÑÉ ® ´à  ÎÇäÉ åçÇ ÊÓãæ áê åÏêæÉ äèÓ ÃæÌäêÓ áê èäÇêÉ ãÇäêáèÑæêÇ ® µà  èÇäÏçÇ åæ ÇäâÇçÑÉ ¬ èçê áÙäÇë åÏêæÉ ãÈêÑÉ ¡ ¶à  áê ÇäÍâêâÉ ¬ ÃÍåÏ çè ÇÈæ Ùå èÇäÏ åçÇ ® ·à  ÍîæÇæ ÇÈæÉ ÙåÉ åçÇ ¬ èçê ÃÓÊÇÐÉ áê ãäêÉ ÇäÊÑÌåÉ ÈàÌÇåÙÉ ÇäÃîÒçîÑ áê ÇäâÇçÑÉ ® ¸à  çÐç ÑÓÇäÉ åæ ÒèÌÉ Ùåê ÃÍåÏ ¬ èçÐç ÕèÑÊçÇ çê èÃÓÑÊçÇ ®   ÊåÑêæ °±        Identify the following groups by category: åËÇ亠 ÇäáÑæÓêÉ èÇäÙÑÈêÉ èÇäÇÓÈÇæêÉ  äÚÇÊ ® ±à  äèÓ ÃæÌäêÓ èæêèÃèÑäêæÒ èÃÊäÇæÊÇ ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ²à  ¢åæçÇÊ梠è¢ÈÑèæãÓ¢ è¢ãèêæÒ¢     ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ³à  ÃÍåÏ èåÍåÏ èÙÇÏä ÃÈè ÇäÙäÇ  ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ´à  áêÑÌêæêÇ èÅæÏêÇæÇ èåÇÑêäÇæÏ  ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà µà  ¢ÇäÂÏÇÈ¢ è¢ÇäÙäè墠è¢Çä×È¢  ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ¶à  æÍæ ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ·à   çÐç ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ¸à   áê çÐÇ ÇäãÊÇÈ  ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà    ÊåÑêæ ±±        åÙ ÙÇÆäÉ åçÇ      Listen to the passage on tape and identify the speaker: ±à  ÇÓåç º ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ²à  ÒèÌÊç º àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ³à  ÃèäÇÏç º àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ´à  êÓãæ áê ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà µà  êÙåä áê ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà    ÊåÑêæ ²±        æÔÇ× âÑÇÁÉ On the next page you will find some information about ÌÇåÙÉ ÇäãèêÊ . 1. What kind of information is given? 2. Skim to find the names of ÇäãäêñÇÊ . 3. Skim again and see how many departments you can recognize with the help of the vocabulary below. 4. For discussion: What fields seem to be emphasized? How does this university compare to yours? ÊÙäåèÇ çÐç ÇäãäåÇʺ âðàÓå Ì® ÃîîâÓÇå department ÇäÙïàäèå science(s) ÏðÑÇÓÇÊ studies Ùðäå ÇäæîáòÓ psychology ÇäÏñêàæ religion Ùðäå ÇäÇðÌòÊðåÇÙ sociology ÇäÇðâÊðàÕÇÏ economics Ùðàäå ÇäÅæòÓÇæ anthropology ÇäÊñÇÑêÎ history Çä×àñðÈñ medicine ÇäçàîæÏîÓÉ engineering ÇäÍàïâèâ law            ãàäêÇÊ ÇäÌÇåÙÉ èÇäÃâÓÇå ÇäÙäåêàÉ ãäêÉ  ÇäÂÏÇÈ  ãäêÉ  Çä×È ÇääÚÉ ÇäÙÑÈêÉ èÂÏÇÈçÇ ÇäãêåêÇÁ ÇäÍêèêÉ Çä×ÈêÉ ÇääÚÉ ÇäÅæÌäêÒêÉ èÂÏÇÈçÇ ÇäÊÔÑêÍ èÇäÈÇËèäèÌêÇ ÇäÊÌÑêÈêÉ ÇäÌÚÑÇáêÇ ×È ÇäåÌÊåÙ èÇäÙäèå ÇäÓäèãêÉ ÇäÊÇÑêÎ ÇäáäÓáÉ ãäêÉ  ÇäÙäèå Ùäå ÇäæáÓ ÇäÑêÇÖêÇÊ ÇäÇÌÊåÇÙ èÇäÎÏåÉ ÇäÇÌÊåÇÙêÉ ÇäãêåêÇÁ ÇäáêÒêÇÁ ãäêÉ ÇäÊÌÇÑÉ  èÇäÇâÊÕÇÏ  èÇäÙäèå ÇäÓêÇÓêÉ Ùäå ÇäÍêèÇæ ÇäåÍÇÓÈÉ èÇäåÑÇÌÙÉ ÇäæÈÇÊ èÇäåêãÑèÈêèäèÌêÇ ÅÏÇÑÉ ÇäÃÙåÇä ÇäÌêèäèÌêÇ ÇäÇâÊÕÇÏ ÇäãêåêÇÁ ÇäÍêèêÉ ÇäÊÃåêæ èÇäÅÍÕÇÁ ÇäÙäèå ÇäÓêÇÓêÉ ÇäÅÏÇÑÉ ÇäÙÇåÉ ãäêÉ  ÇäÊÑÈêÉ ÇäåæÇçÌ è×Ñâ ÇäÊÏÑêÓ ãäêÉ ÇäçæÏÓÉ  èÇäÈÊÑèä ÃÕèä ÇäÊÑÈêÉ çæÏÓÉ åÏæêÉ Ùäå ÇäæáÓ ÇäÊÑÈèê çæÏÓÉ ãêåêÇÆêÉ ÇäÅÏÇÑÉ ÇäÊÑÈèêÉ çæÏÓÉ ãçÑÈÇÆêÉ èãåÈêèÊÑ çæÏÓÉ åêãÇæêãêÉ ãäêÉ  ÇäÈæÇÊ  ÇäÌÇåÙêÉ ãäêÉ  ÇäÍâèâ ãäêÉ  ÇäÏÑÇÓÇÊ  ÇäÙäêÇ ÇäâÇæèæ ÇäÙÇå ÇäâÇæèæ ÇäÎÇÕ ÇäâÇæèæ ÇäÏèäê ãäêÉ  ÇäÔÑêÙÉ  èÇäÏÑÇÓÇÊ  ÇäÅÓäÇåêÉ Çäáâç èÃÕèä Çäáâç ÇäÊáÓêÑ èÇäÍÏêË   ÇäÙâêÏÉ èÇäÏÙèÉ Çäáâç ÇäåâÇÑæ èÇäÓêÇÓÉ ÇäÔÑÙêÉ         åæ ÇäÏäêä ÇäÏÑÇÓê äÙÇå 1987­1989 ¬ ÌÇåÙÉ ÇäãèêÊ ® ÇäËâÇáÉ ÇäÌÇåÙÇÊ ÇäÙÑÈêÉ The above page from the catalogue of Kuwait University reflects a different division of fields than is found in most American universities, which group most academic departments together in the School of Arts and Sciences. Most Arab universities, on the other hand, use smaller divisions such as the School (or College) of Humanities ãäêÉ ÇäÂÏÇÈ , the School of Commerce ãäêÉ ÇäÊÌÇÑÉ , and various science schools. Another difference between the two systems of education is that Medicine and Law are undergraduate, not graduate schools. The system of education in most Arab countries has no equivalent to the American Òliberal artsÓ college. By the second year of high school, students must choose to concentrate either in humanities and social sciences or in mathematics and natural sciences. Once that choice is made, the student's choice of college major is limited, so that a humanities major in high school may not enter a science department in college and vice-versa. Each school or department sets its own academic program including all of the courses the students take in each year of study; students are not allowed to choose electives. In most Arab universities, these courses are one year long, and the student's grade is determined solely on the basis of one exam at the end of the year.    ÊåÑêæ ³±       æÔÇ× ãÊÇÈÉ åãÊÈ ÇäâÈèä áê ÌÇåÙÊã has asked you to help prepare a handout in Arabic that they can distribute to Çä×äÇÈ ÇäÙÑÈ who are interested in applying to the school, but who are not familiar with the American higher educational system. Make an outline of the structure of your university.    ÊåÑêæ ´±         Say something about these people and places using a meaningful ÎÈÑ : åËÇäº ÃæÇ  ÃÓãæ áê ÈêÊ ÕÚêÑ®   ±à  ÃÓÑÊê àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ®   ²à  ÌÇåÙÊæÇ àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ®   ³à  ÃæÇ ÏÇÆåëÇ ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ®   ´à  Çä×äÇÈ áê Õáñê àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ®   µà  åçÇ ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ®   ¶à  çå àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ®   ·à  ÃÓÊÇÐê ¯ ÃÓÊÇÐÊê àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ®   ¸à  æÍæ ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ®   ¹à  åãÊÈ ÇäÊÓÌêä àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ® °±à  åãÊÈÉ ÌÇåÙÊæÇ àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ®    ÊåÑêæ µ±       æÔÇ× ãÊÇÈÉ èåÍÇÏËÉ On a blank sheet of paper, write several facts about yourself and your family without revealing your name. In class, your teacher will collect all the papers and redistribute them randomly among the students. Your goal is to uncover the identity of the person whose paper you hold. Read it, then ask other students questions based on the information you read, until you find the right person.