¶ à ÃæÇ ÎÇäÏ áê çÐÇ ÇäÏÑÓ º · ÎÇäÏ åÍåèÏ ÃÈè ÇäÙäÇ · ÃêÇå ÇäÇÓÈèÙ · ÇäåÕÏÑ · äåÇÐÇ¿ · ÇäÃãä ÇäÙÑÈê ÊÐãñÑèÇ º ãäêÉ ÃÏÑÓ ÇäÂæ äê ËäÇËÉ ÃÎ ¬ ÅÎèÉ ÙæÏê ÃÏÑñÓ áâ× ÊÙäñåèÇ º åïÙêÏ Ì® èæ ¯êæ graduate fellow; teaching assistant ÇäÊðñÌÇÑÉ commerce, trade ÊîÎîÑñîÌòÊï I graduated ÓîæÉ Ì® ÓîæîèÇÊ year åïæÐ ï ÓîæîÊêòæ two years ago äàðà in order to, for ÇäÍàïÕèä Ùäé to get/getting, to obtain/obtaining ÏðÈäèå a degree similar to the masterÕs degree ÅÏÇÑÉ ÇäÃÙåÇä business administration åïÍÇÖîÑÉ Ì® åàïÍÇÖîàÑÇÊ lecture êîèå Ì® ÃîêàñÇå day Çäêîèå today ÃïÓòÈèÙ Ì® ÃîÓÇÈêÙ week ðäÃæñî « ÌåäÉ ÇÓåêÉ because äàðÐ§äðã so, thus, for this reason Ð§äðãî ¨ åÄæË º Êðäãî © )çÐÇ¯çÐç that (demonstrative, corresponds to ÃîÐçîàÈ Åäé I go to ÇÓÊåÙèÇ ¯ ÔÇçÏèÇ º ±à åæ êîàÊîàãààîäàñîàå ¿ ²à åÇÐÇ êÙåä ¿ ³à çä çè êÏÑñÓ¿ ÇÓÊåÙèÇ ¯ ÔÇçÏèÇ åÑÉ ËÇæêÉº ´à åîÊîé when ÊÎàîÑñÌî ÎÇäÏ¿ µà áê Ãîêñ which ãäêÉ êÏÑÓ¿ èáê Ãêñ ÌÇåÙÉ¿ ¶à åÇÐÇ êÏÑïÓ¿ ·à äðàåÇÐÇ why äÇ êÏÑñÓ ÎÇäÏ¿ ÇÓÊåÙèÇ èÎåñæèÇº ¸à áê Ãêñ ÃêÇå êÐçÈ ÎÇäÏ Åäé ÇäÌÇåÙÉ¿ Check off the days: ÇäÃÍîÏ ÇäÇðËæîêæ ÇäËàïäÇËÇÁ ÇäÃÑòÈàðÙÇÁ ÇäÎîåêÓ ÇäÌàïåòàÙÉ ÇäÓîÈÊ 9. Figure out the correspondence between the names of the days in Arabic and English. (Hints: one of the names is a cognate of Sabbath, and the first day of the week is Sunday.) ÊåÑêæ ± Practice using new vocabulary: äÐäã ÅÏÇÑÉ ÇäÃÙåÇä åÙêÏÉ ÇäÍÕèä Ð§äã åæÐ åÍÇÖÑÇÊ äÃæñ åîÏòÑÓÉ ÊÎÑñîÌÊ ÃÍáØ ÇäÃÓÈèÙ ÃÐçÈ ãÇæÊ áâ× ±® ÈæÊ ÙåÊê æèÑÇ àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà áê ÇäâÓå ÇäÅæãäêÒê ÈÇäÌÇåÙÉ ® ²® êèå ÇäÃÑÈÙÇÁ ÙæÏê ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà åæ ÇäÕÈÇÍ Çäé ÇäåÓÇÁ ® ³® ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà Çäé ÇäãäêÉ ãä êèå ® ´® ÊÎÑñÌÊ åæ ÇäÌÇåÙÉ àààààààààààààààààààààààà ËäÇË ÓæèÇÊ ® µ® åçÇ çê ÇäÈæÊ ÇäèÍêÏÉ áê ÃÓÑÊçÇ ¬ àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà çê ÊÔÙÑ ÈÇäèÍÏÉ ® ¶® ÈÙÏ ààààààààààààààààààààààààààà Ùäé ÇäÏñÈäèå Ùåä Òåêäê ÃÍåÏ áê ÇäÌêÔ ® ·® äÇ ÃÍÈ áÕä ÇäÕêá àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ÇäÌè áêç ÍÇÑ ÌÏÇë èÏÑÌÉ ÇäÑ×èÈÉ ÙÇäêÉ ® ¸® ÈÇäæÓÈÉ äê ¬ êèå ÇäÌåÙÉ ÃÍÓæ êèå áê àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ® ¹® ÃÎê êÏÑÓ ÇäÂæ ääÍÕèä Ùäé ÇäåÇÌÓÊêÑ áê àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ® °±® ààààààààààààààààààààààààààà åæ ÇäåÏÑÓÉ ÇäËÇæèêÉ áê ÓæÉ °¹¹± ® ±±à ÃÓÑÊê ÕÚêÑÉ ¬ äê ÃÎÊ èÇÍÏÉ ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ® ²±à ÕÏêâÊê ÊÏÑÓ áê ÇäåÓÇÁ áâ× äÃæñçÇ ÊÙåä âÈä àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ® ÊåÑêæ ² ÇÓÊåÙèÇ Åäé ÎÇäÏ èÇãÊÈèÇ º Listen to ÎÇäÏ and complete the text: ÃæÇ ÎÇäÏ ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ÃÈè ÇäÙäÇ ¬ àààààààààààààààààààààààààààà áê ãäêÉ àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ÈÌÇåÙÉ ÇäâÇçÑÉ ¬ ÊÎÑñÌÊ ààààààààààààààààààààà àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà èÃÏÑÓ ÇäÂæ ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà Ùäé ÏÈäèå áê ÅÏÇÑÉ ÇäÃÙåÇä ¬ ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà åÍÇÖÑÇÊ ËäÇËÉ àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà áâ× áê ÇäÇÓÈèÙ ¬ èäÇ ÃÏÑñÓ ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ÇäåÙêÏêæ áê ãäêÊæÇ äÇ ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ¬ äÐäã ÃÐçÈ Åäé ÇäãäêÉ ààààààààààààààààààààààààààà èààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà èÇäÇÑÈÙÇÁ áâ× ® ÇäâèÇÙÏ ÇäàåàÕÏÑ Review the meanings of ÇäÓñáÑ and ÇäÍïÕèä Ùäé . Formally, these words are nouns that are closely related to verbs, and often function as infinitive verbs. The Arabic term for this grammatical category is åîÕÏîÑ ¨Ì® åîÕÇÏðÑ© . In addition to its use as an infinitive, ÇäåÕÏÑ can also be used to express the abstract concept of the action; you have seen ÇäÓáÑ used this way in the phrase âÈä ÇäÓáÑ Åäé ÇäâÇçÑÉ . Note that ÇäåÕÏÑ will almost always be definite, either with Çäà or as the first word in an ÅÖÇáÉ . Remember that the first word in an ÅÖÇáÉ never takes Çäà . Each verb has its own åîÕÏîÑ . The åÕÏÑ forms of the verbs you have learned so far are given below. From now on, the åÕÏÑ form will be given for each new verb. For now, you must memorize each one individually; however, like the plural patterns, many åÕÇÏÑ share the same syllabic structure and you will soon become familiar with these patterns. ÇäáðÙä ÇäåÕÏÑ ÇäáÙä ÇäåÕÏÑ êÐçàîÈ Åäé ÇäÐñîçÇÈ Åäé êîÓãàïæ ÇäÓîñàãàîæ êÍáàîØ ÇäÍàðáØ êïÏîÑñðÓ ÇäÊàñîÏòÑêÓ êÏÑïÓ ÇäÏðñÑÇÓÉ êïÔÇçàðÏ ÇäàåàïÔÇçîÏÉ êãÊàïÈ ÇäãðÊÇÈÉ êïÓÇáðÑ Åäé ÇäàÓñîàáàîÑ Åäé êâÑîÃ ÇäâðÑÇÁÉ êïÍðÈñ ÇäÍïÈñ êÔÙïàÑ Èàðà ÇäÔàñïÙèÑ Èààð êÊÎÑñîÌ ÇäàÊñîÎÑñïÌ êÍàÕàïàä Ùäé ÇäàÍïÕèä Ùäé êÊîàÐîãààñîÑ ÇäÊàñîàÐîãààñïÑ êÙÑðá ÇäàåàîÙÑðáÉ êîÊîãàîäàñîå ÇäãàîäÇå êàîÙåîàä ÇäÙàîåîàä êîÓòÊîåðÙ Åäé ÇäÇðÓòÊðåÇÙ Åäé The åÕÏÑ is usually used (a) after a main verb to give the meaning of the infinitive or (b) as an abstract noun. Here are some examples of contexts in which you can use ÇäåÕÏÑ . Note that all of the åÕÇÏÑ are definite, but the ones in ¨³© and ¨´© do not have Çäà because each is the first term of an ÅÖÇáÉ : ±à ÃÏÑÓ âÈä ÇäÐçÇÈ Çäé ÇäÕá ® ³à ÃÍÈñ ÏÑÇÓÉ ÇääÚÇÊ ® ²à ÇäÇÒÏÍÇå áê ÇäâÇçÑÉ ãÈêÑ ® ´à äÇ ÃÍÈ åÔÇçÏÉ ÇäÊäêáÒêèæ ® ÊåÑêæ ³ Read the following sentences and for each (a) underline ÇäåÕÏÑ and (b) determine how it is being used as in the example: åËÇäº äÇ ÃÍÈ ãÊÇÈÉ ÇäÑÓÇÆä ® to write or writing ±à çä ÊÍÈñêæ ÇäÓñîãàîæ áê æêèêèÑã ¿ ¶à çä ÊÏÑÓ ääÍÕèä Ùäé ÇäÏãÊèÑÇç ¿ ²à ÃÓÊåÙ Åäé ÇäÔÑê× âÈä âÑÇÁÉ ÇäÏÑÓ ® ·à èÇäÏ åçÇ êÍÈ ÇäÙîåîàä áê ÇäÇåå ÇäåÊÍÏÉ ® ³à ÕÏêâÊê åÔÚèäÉ ÈÇäÏÑÇÓÉ ® ¸à ÃÓÊÇÐÊæÇ äÇ ÊÍÈñ ÇäÊîÏÑêÓ áê ÇäÕÈÇÍ ® ´à ÃÏÑÓ ÇäÙÑÈêÉ äàäãäÇå åÙ ÇäÙÑÈ ® ¹à çä ÇäâÑÇÁÉ ÈÇäÙÑÈêÉ ÕÙÈÉ ¿ µà äÇ æÍÈñ ÇäÔàïÙèÑ ÈÇäèÍÏÉ ® °±à çä ÊÍÈñèæ åïÔÇçîÏÉ ÇäÃáäÇå ÇäÙÑÈêÉ ¿ ÊåÑêæ ´ How would you express the following in Arabic? In some cases you will use ÇäåÕÏÑ and in others áÙä åÖÇÑÙ ; determine which is correct for each context and translate: 1. I like to travel. 2. We like studying Arabic. 3. He is working now, before obtaining a degree. 4. I sometimes study at home, but studying at the library is best. 5. My mother doesn't like to write letters. 6. When are you graduating? 7. She likes to speak Arabic. 8. Do you like to go to the movies ¨ÇäÓêæåÇ©? 9. All of us like to watch movies. 10. Are you traveling this week? äàåÇÐÇ¿ äàðåÇÐÇ¿ Why? äàðà in order to, for ðäÃæñ because ÈàðÓîÈàîÈ because of You now know three ways to answer the question, äåÇÐÇ¿ why?, or to give information about reasons or purposes: ±à äàðà « ÇäåÕÏÑ ¯ ÇäåÖÇÑÙ äðà is used to express a reason/purpose for doing something, and corresponds to the English in order to or for. In this construction äà may be followed by a åÕÏÑ, which should be definite, either with Çäà or in ÅÖÇáÉ , or it may be followed by a áÙä åÖÇÑÙ . Both constructions mean the same thing; ÇäåÕÏÑ tends to be a bit more formal in style than ÇäåÖÇÑÙ . The following pairs of examples are equivalent in meaning: ÃÏÑÓ ääÍÕèä Ùäé ÈãÇäèÑêèÓ ® ½ ÃÏÑÓ äÃÍÕïä Ùäé ÈãÇäèÑêèÓ ® êÐçÈèæ Åäé ÇäåãÊÈÉ ääÏÑÇÓÉ ® = êÐçÈèæ Åäé ÇäåãÊÈÉ äêÏÑÓèÇ ® ÊÓÊåÙ Åäé ÇäÔÑê× äàÍðáØ ÇäãäåÇÊ ® ½ ÊÓÊåÙ Åäé ÇäÔÑê× äÊÍáØ ÇäãäåÇÊ ® ²à äÃæñ « ÌåäÉ ÇÓåêÉ äÃæñ is used to give an explanation that requires a full sentence, such as the weather is cold or she is sick. This construction corresponds to English because and must be followed by a ÌåäÉ ÇÓåêÉ . ÃåËäÉ º äÇ ÃÍÈ æêèêèÑã äÃæñ ÇäÌè áêçÇ ÈÇÑÏ áê ÇäÔÊÇÁ ® äÇ ÊÐçÈ Åäé ÇäãäêÉ Çäêèå äÃæñçÇ åÑêÖÉ ® Note that, if ÇäÌåäÉ ÇäÇÓåêÉ after äÃæñ begins with a pronoun, for example they in ...because they are busy or it in ...because it is big, the pronoun must be attached to äÃæñ as follows: äÃæñ « ÃæÇ ¾ äÃðæñê ¯ äÃæñàæê because I ... äÃæñ « ÃæÊîð ¾ äÃðæàñîãî ¬ äÃæàñîãð because you... äÃæñ « çè ¾ äÃðæàñîçï because he/it... äÃæñ « çê ¾ äÃðæàñîàçÇ because she/it... äÃæñ « æÍæ ¾ äÃðæàñîæàÇ because we... äÃæñ « ÃæÊå ¾ äÃðæàñîàãàïå because you... äÃæñ « çå ¾ äÃðæàñîàçïàå because they... ³à ÈÓÈÈ « ÇÓå áê ÅÖÇáÉ because of... ÈÓÈÈ is used to give a one-word explanation, corresponding to English because of. ÃåËäÉ º äÇ ÃÍÈ æêèêèÑã ÈÓÈÈ ÇäÇÒÏÍÇå ® äÇ ÇÍÈ ÇäÕêá ÈÓÈÈ ÇäÑ×èÈÉ ® ÊåÑêæ µ Decide which construction (äàð , äÃæñ , or ÈÓÈÈ) to use to express the reason for or purpose of each action, and write it in the blank: 1. I'm studying Arabic to learn more about Arabs. _____________ 2. I like her because she's a nice person. ______________ 3. They are here to watch the video. _____________ 4. We like Arabic because it's so easy. _______________ 5. Maha doesn't like New York because of its weather. _____________ 6. Do you drink coffee to study at night? ______________ 7. He married her because of her money. __________________ 8. Are you writing these words to memorize them? _________________ 9. We will go by car because the restaurant is quite far. ______________ 10. She is not going because she is sick. ________________ ÊåÑêæ ¶ Give reasons for the following using äà , äÃæñ or ÈÓÈÈ : ±à ÒèÌê ÏÇÆåëÇ ÊÙÈÇæ ààààààààààààààààààà ÔÚä ÇäÈêÊ ® ²à äÇ êÍÈ ÇäÕêá àààààààààààààààààààà ÇäÌè áêç ÏÇÆåëÇ ÍÇÑñ ® ³à äÇ ÃÙåä ÇäÂæ ààààààààààààààààà ÙæÏê ÇåÊÍÇæÇÊ çÐÇ ÇäÇÓÈèÙ ® ´à ÃÎÊê ÊÏÑÓ àààààààààààààààà ÇäÍÕèä Ùäé ÇäÏãÊèÑÇç ® µà æÍÈ ÇäÓáÑ Åäé ÇäÔÑâ ÇäÃèÓ× ààààààààààààààààààààà ÇäÏÑÇÓÉ ® ¶à åçÇ ÊÔÙÑ ÈÇäèÍÏÉ ààààààààààààààààààààà èÇäÏçÇ èèÇäÏÊçÇ åÔÚèäÇæ ÏÇÆåëÇ ® ·à äÇ ÃÊÐãÑ ÃÓåÇÁ ãä ÃâÇÑÈê àààààààààààààààààààààà ÙÇÆäÊê ãÈêÑÉ ® ¸à äÇ êÐçÈèæ Åäé ÇäÓêæåÇ àààààààààààààààààààààà åÔÚèäèæ ÈÇäÏÑÇÓÉ ® ¹à ÃÍÈ çÐç Çäåæ×âÉ àààààààààààààààààààààà ×âÓçÇ ÇäÌåêä ® °±à æÐçÈ Åäé ÚÑáÉ ÕÏêâÊê ààààààààààààààààààà åÔÇçÏÉ ÈÑæÇåÌ ˜ÇäÃÕÏâÇÁŒ ® ÊåÑêæ · Give reasons for the following comments: ±à ÃÔÙÑ ÃÍêÇæÇë ÈÇäèÍÏÉ àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ® ²à ÎÇäÏ äÇ êÐçÈ Åäé ÇäÌÇåÙÉ ãä êèå ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ® ³à åçÇ ÊÏÑÓ áê ÌÇåÙÉ æêèêèÑã ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ® ´à ÃâÇÑÈê äÇ êÙÑáèæ ÒèÌÊê àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ® µà ÃÍÈ ÇäÑÈêÙ àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ® ¶à ÃÏÑÓ ÇäÙÑÈêÉ ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ® ·à ÃÍÈñ ÌÇåÙÊê ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ® ¸à äÇ ÃÓãæ áê ÈêÊ ÙÇÆäÊê ÇäÂæ àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ® ¹à åçÇ ÊÍÈ ÇäÓáÑ Åäé åÕÑ àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ® °±à äÇ ÃÊÐãÑ ÇäãäåÇÊ ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ® ÊåÑêæ ¸ æÔÇ× ãÊÇÈÉ Would you recommend your school to a prospective student from an Arab country? Draft a note giving as many reasons as you can º äåÇÐÇ ¯ äåÇÐÇ äÇ ÊåÑêæ ¹ æÔÇ× âÑÇÁÉ ÊÙäåèÇ çÐç ÇäãäåÇÊº åî×Ùîàå Ì® åî×ÇÙàðå restaurant ÙîÔÇÁ dinner ÈîÑæÇåîÌ Ì® ÈîÑÇåðàÌ program ÃÓÆäÉ º ±à ÇÓå Çäå×Ùå èÙæèÇæç º àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà 2. ÃêÇå ÇäÇÓÈèÙ it is open: àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà 3. Meals served ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà 4. Kinds of food served ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà åæ ÌÑêÏÉ ÇäÃçÑÇå ³²¯±¯²¹¹± ÊåÑêæ °± In each group, cross out the word that does not fit: ±à ÇäÇÍÏ ÇäÇËæêæ ÇäÎÑêá ÇäÎåêÓ ²à åÊÑÌå ÖÇÈ× åÙêÏ ÕÏêâ ³à Òåêä ÇÈæ ÒèÌ ÈæÊ ´à Ìè ÇÒÏÍÇå Ñ×èÈÉ ×âÓ µà ãäêÉ ÌÇåÙÉ åÏÑÓÉ ÏÈäèå ¶à äÃæñ äÐäã ÈÇäæÓÈÉ äàð ÈÓÈÈ ·à áÙäÇë ÏÇÆåëÇ ãä êèå áê ÇäåÓÇÁ ¸à ÃÊÐãÑ ÃÍáØ ÃÙÑá ÃÓãæ ¹à ãäêÉ åæ×âÉ åÏêæÉ ÔÇÑÙ ÊåÑêæ ±± Fill out your class schedule in the following. Write in all days and times: ÇäÇËæêæ ÇäÎåêÓ ®®,¸ ®®,¹ ®®,¹ ®®,°± ®®,°± ®®,±± ÊåÑêæ ²± åÇÐÇ êáÙäèæ ¿ ±à ÎÇäê ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà áê ÇäÓÙèÏêÉ ® ¨êÙåä© ²à æÍæ àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ÇääÚÉ ÇäÙÑÈêÉ è çå ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ÇääÚÉ ÇäáÑæÓêÉ ® ¨êÏÑÓ© ³à çä ààààààààààààààààààààààààààà Çäé ÇäÕñá ãä êèå ¿ ¨êÐçÈ ¯ ÃæÊå© ´à çä àààààààààààààààààààààààààààà Åäé ÇäåèÓêâé ÇäÙÑÈêÉ êÇ ÓÇåêÉ ¿ ¨êÓÊåÙ© µà ÇäÇåÑêãêèæ äÇ ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà äÚÇÊ ãËêÑÉ ® ¨êÊãäå© ¶à Çä×äÇÈ àààààààààààààààààààà ãä çÐç ÇäãäåÇÊ ¿ ¨êÙÑá© ·à äÇ ÃÙÑá ãêá àààààààààààààààààààà çÐç ÇäÇÓåÇÁ ® ¨êÍáØ© ¸à Ãêæ àààààààààààààààààààààààààààà êÇ ÏãÊèÑ ÃÍåÏ ¿ ¨êÏÑñÓ© ¹à äðåÇÐÇ àààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ÈÇäèÍÏÉ êÇ åçÇ ¿ ¨êÔÙÑ© °±à Ãêæ àààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ÙÇÆàäÊã êÇ åÍåèÏ ¿ ¨êÓãæ© ±±à äÇ ÃÙÑá Ãê ãÊÇÈ ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ¿ ¨êâÑÃ© ÊåÑêæ ³± Describe by putting the noun or adjective in the correct form: ±à èÇäÏÊê äÇ ÊÍÈ Çä×âÓ àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ® ¨åËäÌ© ²à êÇ æîÌèé¡ çä ÊÐçÈêæ äàåÔÇçÏÉ àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ÇäÌÏêÏ ¿ ¨áêäå© ³à ÈÚÏÇÏ åÏêæÉ ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ãÈêÑÉ ® ¨ÙÑÈê© ´à Ãêæ ÇäÇÓÇÊÐÉ ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ¿ ¨áäÓ×êæê© µà çä ÃæÊð àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ÇäèÍêÏÉ áê ÃÓÑÊã ¿ ¨ÈæÊ© ¶à ÒåêäÊê ÊÓãæ áê çÐÇ àààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ÇäãÈêÑ ® ¨ÈêÊ© ·à ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ÇäÅêÑÇæêèæ áê åãÊÈ ÇäÊÓÌêä ÇäÂæ ® ¨×ÇäÈ© ¸à ÇäÏãÊèÑÉ ÒêæÈ ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà áê ÏÑÇÓÇÊ ÇäÔÑâ ÇäÃèÓ× ® ¨åÊÎÕÕ© ¹à ÊÎÑñÌÊ åæ ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ÊãÓÇÓ åæÐ ÓæÉ ® ¨ÌÇåÙÉ© °±à äÇ êÊãäåèæ ÇääÚÉ àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ® ¨áÑæÓê© ÇäËâÇáÉ ÇäÃãä ÇäÙÑÈê Arabic food is a Mediterranean cuisine with contributions from Persian and Turkish cultures. Rice and/or bread are served with every meal, except in North Africa, where couscous and bread are staples. You have probably eaten ÍïåñïÕ , ãàîÈÇÈ and ÊîÈñèäÉ in a Middle Eastern restaurant. Other popular dishes include salads, vegetable stews flavored with beef or lamb, rice and meat, and various beans and legumes. Most dishes are spiced with garlic, onion, lemon, parsley, and/or and cumin. Here are some survival terms: ÊåÑêæ ´± æÔÇ× âÑÇÁÉ èåÍÇÏËÉ Your family is visiting Cairo and you take them to eat in this restaurant. Order a complete meal for five, including drinks, appetizers, main dishes and desserts. Your teacher will be your waiter and will be able to explain some of the dishes to you if you ask. Ùäé åÏÇÑ Çäêèå Ã×ÈÇâ ÈÇÑÏÉ ÊÈèäÉ ¢ ×Èâ ¢ ÈâÏèæÓ è×åÇ×å èÈÕä èæÙæÇÙ èÈÑÚä åÙ ÒêÊ ÒêÊèæ èÇääêåèæ èÇäÈçÇÑÇÊ ÈÇÈÇ ÚæèÌ ¢ ×Èâ ¢ åÊÈä ÇäÈÇÐæÌÇæ ÈÇä×ÍêæÉ èÇääêåèæ °°¬´ ÍåÕ ¢ ×Èâ ¢ ÍåÕ ÈÇä×ÍêæÉ èÇääêåèæ °°¬´ èÑâ ÙæÈ åÍÔê ¢ ¸ ÍÈÇÊ ¢ ÈÇäÃÑÒ èÇäÒêÊ èÇäÊèÇÈä °µ¬· áÊèÔ ¢×Èâ ¢ ÓäÇ×É ÎÖÑÇÁ èÎÈÒ ÙÑÈê èÒêÊ ÒêÊèæ èäêåèæ °°¬´ Ã×ÈÇâ ÓÇÎæÉ ãÈÉ ¢ ËäÇË ÍÈÇÊ ¢ äÍå åÏâèâ èÈÑÚä åÍÔèÉ ÈÇääÍå ÇäåáÑèå °²¬¸ ÓåÈèÓã ¢ ³ â×Ù ¢ ÙÌêæÉ çÔÉ ÈÇääÍå ÇäåáÑèå °²¬¸ áäÇáä ¢ µ â×Ù ¢ ×ÙåêÉ Ùäé Çä×ÑêâÉ ÇääÈæÇæêÉ °µ¬´ ÓäÇ×ÇÊ ÓäÇ×É åÕÑêÉ ÓäÇ×É ÎÖÑÇÁ åÔãäÉ ÈÇäÈÕä °°¬´ ×ÍêæÉ ×ÍêæÉ ÈÇääêåèæ èÇäÒêÊ °°¬´ ÇäÔèÑÈÉ ÔèÑÈÉ ÇääÍå ÇäåáÑèå ÈÇäÃÑÒ °µ¬¶ ÔèÑÈÉ ÇäÎÖÑÇèÇÊ ¢ áæÌÇæ ¢ °µ¬µ ÔèÑÈÉ ÇäÙÏÓ ¢ áæÌÇæ ¢ ÈÇä×ÑêâÉ ÇäÊâäêÏêÉ ÇäåÕÑêÉ °µ¬µ ääÚÏÇÁ èÇäÙÔÇÁ Óåã ÕêÇÏêÉ Óåã Ùäé Çä×ÑêâÉ ÇäÇÓãæÏÑÇæêÉ áê ÕäÕÉ Çä×åÇ×å êâÏå åÙ ÇäÃÑÒ ÇäÃÈêÖ °°¬¶² ÔàÇèÑåÇ ÇäÏÌÇÌ°µ² ÌÑÇå åÙ ÇäÎÈÒ ÇäÙÑÈê èÓäÇ×É ÇäÈÕä èÇäÈâÏèæÓ °°¬µ² ÔêÔ ×Çèèã °µ² ÌÑÇå ãÈÇÈ ÇäÏÌÇÌ ÇäåÔèê ÈÇäáäáä èÙÔ ÇäÚÑÇÈ êâÏå åÙ ÇäÑÒ ÇäÃÈêÖ °°¬¶² ÑêÔ åÔèêÉ êâÏå åÙ È×Ç×Ó Ãè ÃÑÒ ÈÇäÎä×É °°¬µ² ãÈÇÈ Ãè ãáÊÉ ÖÇæê °µ² ÍÑÇå äÍå åáÑèå ÈÇäÊèÇÈä Ôêñ ÇäÓêÎ åÙ ÇäÎÈÒ ÇäÙÑÈê èÇäÓä×É ÇääÈæäæêÉ °°¬µ² åÎÕèÕÇÊ ÎÇæ ÇäÎäêäê ÊâÏå åÙ ÇäÃÑÒ Ãè ÇäÈ×Ç×Ó ÈÇåêÉ ¢ êÇÎæê ¢ ÈÇääÍå ÇäÖÇæê èÇäÃÑÒ ÇäÃÈêÖ °°¬¹± áÊÉ ãèÇÑÙ ¢ ×Èâ ãÈêÑ åÎäê áÊÉ ãèÇÑÙ Ùäé Çä×ÑêâÉ ÇäåÕÑêÉ °°¬¹± ÇäÍäèêÇÊ ÈâäÇèÉ °µ± ÌÑÇå Íäèé äÈæÇæêÉ ÈÇäáÓÊâ èÇäåãÓÑÇÊ µ·¬µ ÈÓÈèÓÉ °°² ÌÑÇå ÓêåèäêæÇ ÈÇäåãÓÑÇÊ èÇäÔÑÇÈ ÇäÓãÑê °µ¬µ åçäÈêÉ ¢ ãÃÓ Íäèé ¢ °°² ÌÑÇå ÊâÏå åÙ ÌèÒ ÇäçæÏ èÇäáÓÊâ °µ¬µ ÃêÓ ãÑêå ¢ ³ â×Ù ¢ ÔêãèäÇÊç áÑÇèäÉ ÷ÇæêäêÇ °µ¬µ êÖÇá ²±¥ ÎÏåÉ « µ¥ ÖÑêÈÉ åÈêÙÇÊ