¹ à   ÌÏÊê ÊèâØàæê áê ÇäÓÇÏÓÉ èÇäæÕá	áê çÐÇ ÇäÏÑÓº				· ÈÑæÇåÌ ÎÇäÏ Çäêèåê				· ÇäæÇÏê				· ÇäÌåÙ ÚêÑ ÇäÙÇâä				· äêÓ « ÇäÌåäÉ ÇäÇÓåêÉ				· ãå ÇäÓÇÙÉ ¿				· ÇäÃÙÏÇÏ ÇäÊÑÊêÈêÉÊÐãñÑèÇ º   	ÃêñÇå 	ÃÐçÈ Åäé	ÌÏÉ	ÈÙÏ	ÏÇÆåëÇ	ÅÎèÉ	âçèÉ	ÈÙêÏ Ùæ	ÃâÑÃ	åÍÇÖÑÇÊ	äÐäã	âÈä	åãÊÈÉ	ÒïåäÇÁ	åÙêÏ 	çèÇêÉ	åÓÇÙÏÉ	ÇäåÐÇãÑÉ	ÇäÌåÙÉ	äàîçï	ÈÑæÇåÌÊÙäñåèÇ º   	ÃîÎÑïÌ  ¨ÎîÑîÌàòÊï ¬ ÇäåÕÏÑº ÇäÎàïÑèÌ©	 I leave	ÓÇÙÉ  Ì® ­ÇÊ	 hour; o'clock	ÊèâðØ	    she wakes (someone) up	ààààà àæê	me (object of verb)	ÓÇÏðÓ ¯ É	sixth (adjective)	æðÕá	half	Ãîá×àïÑ ¨áàî×îÑÊï ¬ ÇäåÕÏÑº Çäáï×èÑ©	I eat breakfast	êàîæàòàÒ ðä ¨æîÒîäî©	  he leaves (the house); literally: descends	ÃÌäðÓ  ¨ÌîäàîÓÊï©	    I sit	ÃîÔÑîÈ  ¨ÔîÑðÈÊï ¬ ÇäåÕÏÑº ÇäÔàñïÑÈ©	I drink	ÃïÏîÎðñàæ ¨ÏîÎàñîæàòÊï ¬ ÇäåÕÏÑº ÇäÊñîÏÎêæ©	I smoke	Ùîêòæ  Ì®  Ùàïêèæ	eyes	ÌîàÑêàÏÉ  Ì®  ÌîàÑÇÆðàÏ  	newspapers	ÊîàÈàÏî Ã  ¨ÈîÏîÃîÊò©	it begins	ÈîÙÏî ÇäØàñïàçòàÑ	afternoon	ÃÓÊî×êÙ  ¨ ÇðÓàòÊàî×àîÙàòÊï ©  « ÇäåÕÏÑ	I can, am able to	Ãîè	or	ÚîÏÇÁ	lunch	ÈîÙÖ  « ÇÖÇáÉ	some (of)	æîäÙîÈ  ¨äàîÙðÈæÇ©	we play	ÇäÔàî×àîÑîæàòÌ	chess 	ÃîÙèÏ ¨ÙàïÏòÊï ¬ ÇäåÕÏÑº ÇäÙîèÏÉ©	I return	Ëàïåñî	ÈÙÏ Ðäã  then,	âäêäÇë	½  ãËêÑëÇ	ÃïÎÑé ¨åÄæË©  ¨åÐãÑº ÂÎîÑ©	other	¨Çäà©æÇÏê  Ì®  ¨Çäà©æîèÇÏê	club	ÎÇÕñ	special; (its) own; privateÇÓÊåÙèÇ ¯ ÔÇçÏèÇ º       ±à  Ùàåñî êÊãäå ÎÇäÏ¿ ²à  does: ÎÇäÏ Mention something 	 Ã  à  áê ÇäÕÈÇÍ ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà	È à  ÈÙÏ ÇäØçÑ ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà	Ìà à  áê ÇäåÓÇÁ àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààÇÓÊåÙèÇ ¯ ÔÇçÏèÇ åÑÉ ËÇæêÉ º       ³à  åÊé êÎÑÌ ÎÇäÏ åæ ÇäÈêÊ¿´à  åÊé ÊÈÏÃ åÍÇÖÑÇÊç áê ÇäÌÇåÙÉ¿µà  Ãêæ êÏÑÓ âÈä ÇäåÍÇÖÑÇÊ¿¶à  åÇÐÇ êÙåä áê ÇäåÓÇÁ¿ÇÓÊåÙèÇ åÑÉ ËÇäËÉº       7.  Order the following activities according to what ÎÇäÏ says:	àààààààààà	Ãá×Ñ	àààààààààà	ÃÙèÏ Çäé ÇäÈêÊ	àààààààààà	ÃÏÑÓ áê ÇäåãÊÈÉ	àààààààààà	ÃäÙÈ ÇäÔ×ÑæÌ	àààààààààà	ÌÏÊê ÊèâØæê	àààààààààà	êæÒä èÇäÏê èÅÎèÊê	àààààààààà	ÃâÑÃ ÇäÌÑÇÆÏ	àààààààààà	ÃÎÑÌ åæ ÇäÈêÊ8.  ÎÇäÏ introduces a new topic, êèå ÇäÌåÙÉ , using the topic switcher:	ÃåàñÇ ®®®®   áàî ®®®®	as for..., ..... 	åÇÐÇ êîàâèä ÎÇäÏ Ùæ êèå ÇäÌåÙÉ¿  àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààÇÓÊåÙèÇ èÎåñæèÇ º       Guess the meaning of the underlined words and phrases from context:  ¹à  áê ÇäÃêñÇå ÇäàñÊê ÃÐçÈ áêçÇ Åäé ÇäÌÇåÙÉ  àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà°±à  ÃÎÑÌ åæ ÇäÈêÊ ÍîèÇäàîê ÇäÓÇÙÉ ÇäÙÇÔÑÉ  àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà±±à  ÃÊæÇèä ÇäÚÏÇÁ  àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà²±à  ÇäÔ×ÑæÌ çèÇêÊê ÇäàåïàáîàÖàñäÉ  àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààÇäËâÇáÉ ÇäæÇÏê	In large Egyptian cities, ÇäæèÇÏê offer social and recreational facilities to those who can afford them, much like American country clubs.  The three largest in Cairo are æÇÏê ÇäÌîÒêÑÉ , æÇÏê ÇäÒîåÇäðã , and ÇäæÇÏê ÇäÃîçäê .  The latter two have ãÑÉ ÇäâÏå teams that enjoy a large following and a fierce rivalry.  In addition to these private clubs, some large companies, professional associations, and government agencies offer æèÇÏê to employees and their families, such as  æÇÏê ÇäÖïÈñÇ× .  These clubs are more social than recreational, offering places to eat, drink coffee, socialize, and host events such as weddings.ÊÙäåèÇ çÐÇ ÇäáÙäº   	In this new section of each chapter you will be given one or two new verbs to memorize.  By memorizing one or two verbs at a time, you will gradually acquire all of the stem patterns of the Arabic verb system.  	You heard ÎÇäÏ say ÃÊæÇèä ÇäÚÏÇÁ meaning I eat lunch.  The verb ÊîæÇèîäî is used mainly in formal Arabic, and must be mentioned with a meal:  ÃÊæÇèä Çäá×èÑ ¯ ÇäÚÏÇÁ ¯ ÇäÙÔÇÁ   The verb Ããä ¯ êÃãä to eat is common to both spoken and formal Arabic.  Learn to recognize ÊæÇèä and to use Ããä : 		   ÇäåÇÖê						ÇäåÖÇÑÙ	ÃîãàîàäàòÊï	ÃîãàîàäàòæÇ	Âãàïä	æîàÃãàïä	ÃîãàîàäàòÊî	ÃîãàîàäàòÊàïå	ÊîàÃãàïä	ÊîàÃãàïäèæî	ÃîãàîàäàòÊð		ÊîàÃãàïäêæî	Ãîãàîàäî	ÃîãàîàäàèÇ	êîàÃãàïä	êîàÃãàïäèæî	ÃîãàîàäàîÊò		ÊîàÃãàïä 		   ÇäåÇÖê						ÇäåÖÇÑÙ	ÇðÓàòÊàî×àîÙàòÊï	ÇðÓàòÊàî×àîÙàòæÇ	ÃÓàòÊàî×êÙ	æîÓàòÊàî×êÙ	ÇðÓàòÊàî×àîÙàòÊî	ÇðÓàòÊàî×àîÙàòÊàïå	ÊîÓàòÊàî×êÙ	ÊîÓàòÊàî×êÙèæî	ÇðÓàòÊàî×àîÙàòÊð		ÊîÓàòÊàî×êÙêæî	ÇðÓàòÊàî×ÇÙî	ÇðÓàòÊàî×ÇÙèÇ	êîÓàòÊàî×êÙ	êîÓàòÊàî×êÙèæî	ÇðÓàòÊàî×ÇÙîÊ		ÊîÓàòÊàî×êÙ    ÊåÑêæ ±      Practice using new vocabulary by completing the sentences:	Ãè	ÇäÌÑêÏÉ	ÊÌäÓ	ÚÏÇÁ	ÂÎÑ	ÇäÙêèæ	ææÒä	êïÏÎàñæ	ÊÈÏÃ	ÃÓÊ×êÙ	æÙèÏ	ÎÇÕñ	ÈÙÖ	æÔÑÈ	ÈÙÏ ÇäØçÑ	Ãá×Ñ	Ëàïåñ	äÙÈÊ  ±à  ãÇæ Ùåñê ¬ Çääç êÑÍåç ¬ ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà °³ ÓêÌÇÑÉ ãä êèå ®  ²à  ÃæÇ èÒèÌê æâÑÃ ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà èààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ÇäâçèÉ ãä ÕÈÇÍ ®  ³à  êèå ÇäÃÍÏ ÇäåÇÖê àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ãÑÉ ÇäÓäÉ åÙ àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ÃÕÏâÇÆê ®  ´à  áê ÇäÔÊÇÁ äÇ ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ÇäÓÈÇÍÉ ÈÓÈÈ ÇäÈÑÏ ®  µà  êèå ÇäÌåÙÉ äÇ ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà åæ ÇäÈêÊ âÈä ÇäÓÇÙÉ ÇäèÇÍÏÉ ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ®  ¶à  Ãåê ÊÙÈÇæÉ èÊÑêÏ Ãæ ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà âäêäÇë ®  ·à  ÇÈæÉ Ùåñê ÏãÊèÑÉ åÊÎÕñÕÉ áê ÃåÑÇÖ (diseases) ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ®  ¸à  ÊÎÑÌÊò åæ ãäêÉ ÅÏÇÑÉ ÇäÃÙåÇä ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ÇäÊÍâÊ ÈÔÑãÉ ¢Óèæê¢ ÍêË        ÊÙåä ÇäÂæ ®  ¹à  ÃæÇ äÇ Âãä ÇäÏÌÇÌ ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ÇääÍå ® °±à  äÇ æÓÊ×êÙ Ãæ æÏÎä Åäé çÐÇ ÇäæÇÏê äÃæñç ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ®±±à  áê ÇäÕÈÇÍ äÇ ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà èäãæñê ÃÔÑÈ âäêäÇë åæ ÇäâçèÉ ®²±à  äÇ ÃÑêÏ âÑÇÁÉ çÐÇ ÇäãÊÇÈ ¬  ÃÑêÏ âÑÇÁÉ ãÊÇÈ ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ®   ÊåÑêæ ²       ÇÓÊåÙèÇ Åäé ÎÇäÏ èÇãÊÈèÇ åÇ êâèä     Listen to ÎÇäÏ and complete:	áê ÇäÃêÇå ÇäÊê àààààààààààààààààààààààààààà áêçÇ Åäé ÇäÌÇåÙÉ ¬  àààààààààààààààààààààààààààà åæ ÇäÈêÊ ÍèÇäê ÇäÓÇÙÉ ÇäÙÇÔÑÉ ÕÈÇÍëÇ ¬ äãæ ÌÏÊê  ÊèâØæê ÏÇÆåÇ áê ÇäÓÇÏÓÉ èÇäæÕá äàð ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà åÙçå ® ÈÙÏ Ãæ àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà èÇäÏê èÅÎèÊê ¬ ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà áê ÇäáÑÇæÏÉ äÃÔÑÈ ÇäâçèÉ èààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ÓêÌÇÑÉ ÈÙêÏëÇ Ùæ ààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ÌÏÊê èÃâÑÃ àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ®	åÍÇÖÑÇÊê  àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà áê ÇäËÇäËÉ ÈÙÏ ÇäØçÑ ¬ äÐäã ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà  âÈäçÇ ÇäÏÑÇÓÉ áê ÇäåãÊÈÉ ÓÇÙÊêæ Ãè ËäÇË Ëåñ ÃÊæÇèä àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ® ÈÙÏ ÇäåÍÇÖÑÇÊ ÃÐçÈ åÙ ÈÙÖ àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ÇäåÙêÏêæ Åäé ÇäæÇÏê äà ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ÇäÔ×ÑæÌ ¬ ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ÇäåáÖäÉ ¬  Ëå ÃÙèÏ Åäé ÇäÈêÊ èààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ÅÎèÊê âäêäÇë áê åÐÇãÑÊçå ®  áê ÇäÃêÇå ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ¬ ÃÐçÈ Åäé ààààààààààààààààààààààààà ÕÈÇÍëÇ èÃÏÑÓ áê ÇäåÓÇÁ ®  ÃåñÇ êèå ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ¬ áàäç ÈÑæÇåÌ àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ®    ÊåÑêæ ³       ÇÓÃäèÇ ÒåäÇÁãå ºAsk your classmates:±à  áê Ãêñ ÓÇÙÉ êÃãäèæ ÇäÚÏÇÁ ¿  ÇäÙÔÇÁ ¿²à  Ãêñ ÑêÇÖÉ êÓÊ×êÙèæ Ãæ êäÙÈèÇ ¿³à  áê Ãê ÓÇÙÉ ÊÈÏÃ Õáèáçå ¿´à  çä êÙèÏèæ Åäé ÈêèÊçå äÃãä ÇäÚÏÇÁ ¿µà  çä êÏÎæèæ ¿  äåÇÐÇ ¯ äåÇÐÇ äÇ ¿    ÊåÑêæ ´       åÇÐÇ êáÙäèæ¿Describe ÇäÕèÑ answering the question:    åÇÐÇ êáÙä¯ÊáÙä¯êáÙäèæ¿    ±à àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà	      ²à	àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà	³à àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà  ´à àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà	      µà àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà	¶à àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà  ·à ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà	      ¸à àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà	¹à ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààÇäâèÇÙÏ  ÇäÌåÙ ÚêÑ ÇäÙÇâä      Non-human plurals 	By now you have seen many examples of non-human plural nouns, such as:	ÇäÃïåå	ÇäÙäèå 	ÇäÃêñÇå	åÍÇÖÑÇÊYou may have noticed that the adjectives and verbs that modify these nouns have all been feminine singular:	ÇäÃåå ÇäåÊÍÏÉ	ÇäÙäèå ÇäÓêÇÓêÉ	ÇäÃêÇå ÇäÃïÎÑé	åÍÇÖÑÇÊê ÊÈÏÃIn modern formal Arabic, non-human plural nouns behave like feminine singular nouns in all respects.  The following examples show all aspects of this agreement:çÐç ÕèÑ åæ ÙÇÆäÊê ®			¢çä ÊÍÈêæ ÇäÃáäÇå ÇäÙÑÈêÉ ¿¢    -    ¢ æÙå ¬ ÃÍÈàñçÇ ¡ ¢ áê ÑÃêê ¬ ÇäÓêÇÑÇÊ ÇäêÇÈÇæêÉ çê ÃÍÓæ ÓêÇÑÇÊ ®ÇäÕáèá ÊÈÏÃ áê ÇäÓÇÙÉ ÇäËÇåæÉ ÕÈÇÍëÇ ®    ÊåÑêæ µ       Put the words in the correct form for each sentence:  ±à  ÇäÌÇåÙÇÊ ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ¨åÕÑê©  äêÓîÊ åËä ÇäÌÇåÙÇÊ ààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ¨ÃåÑêãê© ®  ²à  ÈÑèãäêæ èãèêæÒ èÈÑèæãÓ åæÇ×â ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà áê åÏêæÉ æêèêèÑã ®  ¨ãÈêÑ©  ³à  ÇäèÇÌÈÇÊ àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà Ùäé ÍáØ ÇäãäåÇÊ ®  ¨êÓÇÙÏ©  ´à  ÇäåÍÇÖÑÇÊ Ùæ ÇäÔÑâ ÇäÇèÓ× àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà áê ÇäÓÇÙÉ ÇäÑÇÈÙÉ ®  ¨êÈÏÃ©  µà  ÇäÓêæåÇ èÇäåèÓêâé èÇäâÑÇÁÉ çê çèÇêÇÊê àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ®  ¨åáÖä©  ¶à  ÇäÓêÇÑÇÊ äÇ ààààààààààààààààààààààààààà Åäé çÐÇ ÇäÔÇÑÙ ®  ¨êÏÎä©  ·à  áê åÏêæÉ æêèêèÑã ÌÑÇÆÏ àààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ¨ãËêÑ© ¬ ÃÍÓæà àààààààààààà ¢æêèêèÑã ÊÇêåÒ¢ ®  ¸à  áê ÑÃê ÎÇäÏ ¬ ÈÑÇåÌ ÇäÊäêáÒêèæ êèå ÇäÌåÙÉ ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ® ¨ÌêÏ©  ¹à  ÇäåÕÑêÉ èÇäÓðñÑêÇæêÉ èÇäÂÑÇåêÉ äÚÇÊ  àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ®  ¨âÏêå© äêÓ « ÇäÌåäÉ ÇäÇÓåêÉ    		You have learned how to use ÇäÌåäÉ ÇäÇÓåêÉ with a fronted ÎÈÑ to express the concepts of possession, accompaniment, and there is/there are.  You should be able to understand and analyze the following examples of this construction:	ÙæÏê ãåÈêèÊÑ ®	áê ãä ÚÑáÉ ×ÇäÈÇæ ®	åÙê ÏèäÇÑ ®	äç åÓÊâÈä ®In formal Arabic, these kinds of sentences may be negated using  äàîêÓî : 	äàîêÓî ÙæÏê ãåÈêèÊÑ ®	äàîêÓî áê ãä ÚÑáÉ ×ÇäÈÇæ ® 	äàîêÓî åÙê ÏèäÇÑ ®	äîêÓî äç åÓÊâÈä ®   ÊåÑêæ ¶      What do these people not have?:	åËÇäº  Çä×äÇÈ áê åÕÑ äêÓ ÙæÏçå åÍÇÖÑÇÊ êèå ÇäÌåÙÉ ®±à  åçÇ àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ®²à  ÎÇäÏ àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ®³à  ÃæÇ èÃÕÏâÇÆê ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ®´à  ÌÏÊê ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ®µà  ¢êÇ ×äÇÈ ¬ äåÇÐÇ ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ¿ ¢¶à  ¢äåÇÐÇ ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ¿ ¢ ¨ÃæÊ©·à  ÅÎèÊê ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ®¸à  ÈÇäæÓÈÉ äê ¬ ÇäÑñÌÇä ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ®¹à ÇäÃÓÇÊÐÉ áê ÌÇåÙÊæÇ ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ® ãààå ÇäÓÇÙÉ¿    What time is it?    	ÑïÈÙ	quarter	ËàïàäàË	third	ÅäÇñ 	less (lit.: except)µµ¬²±   ½   ÇäÓÇÙÉ ÇäèÇÍÏÉ  ÅäÇñ  ÎåÓÉ     e.g.,	ÏîâêâÉ  Ì® ÏîâÇÆðâ 	minute	åÊé ®®® ¿	When?	áê Ãêñ ÓÇÙÉ ®®® ¿	At what time...?	In formal Arabic, ordinal numbers are used to tell time.  In general, ordinal numbers are derived from cardinal numbers by taking ÇäÌÐÑ of the cardinal number and putting it in èÒæ  ¢áÇÙðàä¢ .  The chart shows both åÄæË and åÐãÑ forms:  	åÐãÑ	åÄæË	ÇäÃîèñä	ÇäÓñÇÈðÙ	ÇäÃïèäé	ÇäÓÇÈðÙÉ	ÇäËñÇæê	ÇäËñÇåðæ	ÇäËñÇæðêÉ	ÇäËÇåðæÉ	ÇäËñÇäðË	ÇäÊñÇÓðÙ	ÇäËñÇäðËÉ	ÇäÊÇÓðÙÉ	ÇäÑñÇÈàðÙ	ÇäÙÇÔðÑ	ÇäÑÇÈàðÙÉ	ÇäÙÇÔðÑÉ	ÇäÎÇåðÓ	ÇäÍÇÏê ÙîÔîÑ	ÇäÎÇåðÓÉ	ÇäÍÇÏêÉ ÙîÔîÑÉ	ÇäÓñÇÏðÓ	ÇäËÇæê ÙîÔîÑ	ÇäÓÇÏðÓÉ	ÇäËÇæêÉ ÙîÔîÑÉÎÇäÏ êâèä º	¢ÌÏÊê ÊèâØæê áê ÇäÓÇÙÉ ÇäÓÇÏÓÉ èÇäæÕá ®¢	¢ ÃÎÑÌ åæ ÇäÈêÊ áê ÇäÙÇÔÑÉ ÕÈÇÍëÇ ®¢	These ordinal numbers are adjectives, and follow the same rules as all adjectives.  Remember:  in telling time, note that ÇäÓÇÙÉ ÇäèÇÍÏÉ (not ÇäÓÇÙÉ ÇäÃèäé) is used for one oÕclock.  ÃåËäÉº  	µ±¬±    ÇäÓÇÙÉ ÇäèÇÍÏÉ èÇäÑïÈÙ		°²¬µ    ÇäÓÇÙÉ ÇäÎÇåÓÉ èÇäËïàäàË   ÊåÑêæ ·         áê Ãêñ ÓÇÙÉ ¿	Âãä ÇäÚÏÇÁ	ÃÐçÈ Åäé ÇäÕá	 ÃÎÑÌ åæ ÇäÕá      ÃÙèÏ Åäé ÇäÈêÊ	ÃÏÑÓ áê ÚÑáÊê	ÃÔÇçÏ ÇäÊäêáÑêèæ	Âãä ÇäÙÔÇÁ	ÃÐçÈ Åäé ÇäåãÊÈÉ	ÃÎÑÌ åæ ÇäåãÊÈÉ     ÃÙèÏ Åäé ÇäÈêÊ	    ÃâÑÃ âäêäÇë	          ÃæÇå    ÊåÑêæ ¸      Skim the following text:  what is it?  Notice that the decimal point in Arabic is written as a comma.  Why do you think it is not written as a point?  What does the symbol ¥ represent?  How much of the information can you decipher?  Find figures for your school, if given, and the top schools in your area.	áÇÕðäÉ	comma, decimal point	áê ÇäåðÆÉ ¯ ÈÇäåÆÉ 	¥							  åæ åÌäÉ ÇäåÈÊÙË ÇäÓÙèÏêÉ ÇäÙÏÏ ³´± ¬  ÇÈÑêä ³¹¹±    ÊåÑêæ ¹       åÊé ¿Answer the following.  Be as specific as you can, using expressions such as: ãä êèå ¬     ÈÙÏ ÇäØçÑ ¬     áê ÇäåÓÇÁ ¬     ÕÈÇÍëÇ ¬     ÃåÓ ¬     Çäêèå ±à  áê Ãê ÓÇÙÉ ÊàîÃãàïä¯ÊÃãäêæ Çäá×èÑ¿  ÇäÚÏÇÁ¿  ÇäÙÔÇÁ¿  ²à  áê Ãê ÓÇÙÉ êÈÏÃ Õáñ ÇääÚÉ ÇäÙÑÈêÉ¿³à  áê Ãê ÓÇÙÉ ÊÈÏÃ Õáèáã áê ÇäÕÈÇÍ¿´à  åÇ çè ÈÑæÇåÌã ÇäåáÖä áê ÇäÊäêáÒêèæ¿  áê Ãê êèå èÓÇÙÉ ÊÔÇçÏç¿µà  åÊé ÊÎÑÌ åæ ÇäÈêÊ áê ÃêÇå ÇäÏÑÇÓÉ¿ åÊé ÎÑÌÊ åæ ÇäÈêÊ Çäêèå¿¶à  åÊé ÊàïÐÇãðÑ¯ ÊÐÇãÑêæ¿·à  åÊé ÏÎäÊ ÇäÈêÊ ÃåÓ¿   ÊåÑêæ °±       ÊÑÌåèÇ Åäé ÇääÚÉ ÇäÙÑÈêÉ ºParaphrase if you need to!1.  There are three students of Arab descent in our class.2.  I was late because of the traffic.3.  He refused to talk with us.4.  There are not many restaurants in this area.5.  Are there special programs for kids at this club?6.  This company has no offices in the Middle East.7.  Last week we had a very hard test.8.  They have two sons and three daughters.9.  Our department needs five graduate teaching assistants.   ÊåÑêæ ±±       æÔÇ× âÑÇÁÉ º  ÊÙäåèÇ çÐç ÇäãäåÇÊº	ÃîÎÈÇÑ	news	ÇäÙÇäàîå	the worldÃÓÆäÉº  1.  What time period does this ÈÑæÇåÌ cover?  ²à  åÇ ÃÓåÇÁ ÇäÈÑÇåÌ ÇäÕÈÇÍêÉ ¨åæ ·­¹ ÕÈÇÍëÇ©¿  ³à  áê Ãê ÓÇÙÉ æÓÊ×êÙ åÔÇçÏÉ ÇäÇÎÈÇÑ ÇäåÓÇÆêÉ Ùäé ãä âàîæÇÉ (channel)¿  ´à  çä çæÇã ÃÎÈÇÑ ÙæÏ ÇäØçÑ¿  Ùäé Ãê âæÇÉ¿  µà  Ùäé Ãê âæÇÉ èáê Ãê ÓÇÙÉ æÓÊ×êÙ åÔÇçÏÉ ÈÑæÇåÌ ¢ÇèÈÑÇç èêæáÑê¢¿  ¶à  åÇ çê ÈÑÇåÌ ÇäÑêÇÖÉ ¿  áê Ãê ÓÇÙÉ æÓÊ×êÙ åÔÇçÏÊçÇ ¿  ·à  ÇãÊÈèÇ µ ÈÑÇåÌ ÊÍÈèæ åÔÇçÏÊçÇ º			  ÇäÈÑæÇåÌ				    ÇäÓÇÙÉ	      ÇäâæÇÉ	±à	²à	³à	´à	µà          ÇäÊäêáÒêèæ ÇäÃåÑêãê			   CBC - 9	     NBC - 4			   °°¬· çàÐÇ ÇäÕàààÈààààààààÇÍ °°¬¹					ÈàÑæàÇåàÌ åèæÊààêàä èêäêààÇåÒ °°¬°±   °°¬· ÇÎÈÇÑ Çäêèå °°¬¹ ÈÑæÇåàÌ		ÈàÑæàÇåàÌ ÇÎÈÇÑê êâÏåç Ìèæ ãêÑäéáêä ÏèæÇçè				ÏÑèÈàêàæ êàèæàÌ °°¬±± ÇäÓàààÙàààààààÑ   °°¬°± äêÒÇ °°¬±± Ìàêæ èÊêæàé		ÇäåæàÇÓÈ äãä ÓäÙàÉ °°¬²± ÇÎàÈàÇÑ°°¬²± ÙààÇäå ÂÎàÑ  °°¬± ÇêàÇå åæ		ÇäØçààÑ °³¬²± ÕÚàêàààÑ èåàÊàààåàÑÏÙåÑæÇ °°¬² ÌêÑê ÓÈÑæÌÑ °°¬³		°³¬± ÇäÌààààÑÆ èÇäÌààåàààêàäÉ °°¬²åààèÑê êàèáààÊààÔàé  °°¬´ ÓàààÇäàé		ÙæàÏåààÇ ÊÏèÑ ÇäÏæêàààÇ °°¬³ ÇäÖàèÁÌààêààÓàé ÑáààÇÆêä  °°¬µ ÇäÇÎààÈàÇÑ		ÇäåÑÔÏ °°¬´ ÇÎàÈàÇÑ ÇäÑÇÈÙÉ °°¬µÇäÏÇÎäêàÉ  °°¬·  Êèå ÈÑèãàèé êâÏå		ÇäÇÎààÈààÇÑ ÇäåÍàäêàààÉ °°¬· ÏÇæ ÑÇÒÑÇÎÈÇÑ ÇäÙÇäå  °³¬· ÇäåÌäÉ ÇäåÕèÑÉ		äÃÎààÈààààÇÑ ÇäÏæàêààààÇ °³¬· ÇÎàààÈàààÇÑ°°¬¸ åÈàÇÑêÇÊ ÇäÈêÓé Èèä			ÇäÓàêààæåàÇ èÇäåÓààÑÍ èÇäÊààäêààáààÒêèæ   ÇäÈàà×àèäÇÊ ÇäÇâàäàêààåààêàààÉ °°¬±±		°°¬¸ åàààÏêààæàÉ áê ÇäÈààÍàààÑ °°¬¹ÇÎÈÇÑ ÇäÍÇÏêÉ ÙÔÑ			ÇäÈàÍË åæ ÇäâäàÈ ÇäÐé ÔàÇçÏ åâÊä					ÕÇÍàÈç °°¬°± ÍàèÇÑ Íààèä ÇäåèÊ	   ABC - 7			èÇäÍàààêàààÇÉ ÈÙàààÏ ØçàààèÑ ÇäåÑÖ áé   °°¬· ÕàÈààÇÍ ÇäÎàêààÑ êÇÃåààÑêãÇ		ÇäâààààÑêÉ °°¬±± ÃÎààààÈààÇÑ åàààÇâààÈä°°¬¹ ÑêÌàêÓé èãÇËàé äé °°¬°±		åæÊÕá ÇääêäÑèäèæàÏÇ °°¬±± ÌààêààÑÇäÏè °°¬²±	ÇäÌàààÑêàÏÉ ÇäÃåààÑêãêààÉ °°¬± ãäààçå			Óàé ® Åæ ® ÅæÇèäÇÏé °°¬² ÍàêÇÉ èÇÍÏÉ æÍàêàÇçÇ	°°¬³ ÇäåÓàààÊàÔààáàé ÇäÙàààÇå °°¬´		¶ ÃÎàÈàÇÑ ÇäÙÇäå åÙ ÈêààÊààêæÇ äèÓãÑÈàÑæàÇåàÌ ÃèÈààÑÇç èêàæààáààààÑé  °°¬µ		°³¬· ÙæÇèêæ ÇäÇÎÈÇÑ¬ èÃÎÈÇÑ ÇäåÇäÇäæàÔàààààÑÉ ÇäåÍäêàààÉ °³¬¶ ÈààêààààÊààÑ		°³¬¸ ÙæàÇèêæ ÇäÇÎààÈààÇÑ ¹ ÇÎààÈààÇÑÌÇææÌêàÒ êâÏå ÇäæÔààÑÉ ÇäÇÎààÈàÇÑêàÉ		ÇäÙàÇäå åÙ Ìàèé ÊÔêæ µ´¬¹ ÚÑáàÉÇäåÓÇÆêàÉ ÇäãÇåàäÉ °°¬· åÌäÉ áÑêàâ		ÇÎààÈààÇÑ Ìààèé ÊÔêæ µ´¬¹ ÚàÑáààÉÇäÑÏÓãêàæÒ °°¬¸ È×èäàÉ ãÑÉ ÇäâàÏå		ÇÎÈÇÑ Óê Çæ Çæ ¨ÈÑæÇåÌ ÇäåÏÇÑÓ©áààÑêàâ ÈàêààààêààÊààÓàÈàÑÌ ÖàÏ áààÑêâ		°± ÇÎààÈààÇÑ ÇäÙàÇäå °³¬°± ÙæàÇèêæÇäÑÏÓàãàêààæàÒ  °°¬±±  ÇäæàÔààààààÑÉ		ÇäÇÎàÈàÇÑ °°¬²± ÇÎÈààÇÑ ÇäÙààÇäå åÙÇäÇÎàÈÇÑêÉ ÇäÇÎêàÑÉ				ÈÑêÇæ æäÓèæ °³¬²±ÕÈÇÍ ÇäÇÙåÇä					°°¬³± ÇÎàÈàÇÑ ÇäÙàÇäàå °³¬³± êèå					ÇäÇÙààåÇä °³¬´± ÇÎÈÇÑ ÇäÇÙåÇä áé					ÇÓàêàÇ µ± äÇÑé ãàêàæÌ ¨Ùäé ÇäçèÇÁ©								åæ ÌÑêÏÉ ÇäÇçÑÇå ÇäÏèäê  ²¯¹¯´¹¹±   ÊåÑêæ ²±        Practice using the verbs ÃÑêÏ  and  ÃÓÊ×êÙ  in the following.  Note the use of ÇäåÕÏÑ to express the infinitive verb:	åËÇäº    êÓÊ×êÙ ÎÇäÏ ÇäÏÑÇÓÉ áê ÇäåãÊÈÉ âÈä åÍÇÖÑÇÊç ®		 ¨êÓÊ×êÙ©          ±à  ÃæÇ äÇ àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ÔàïÑÈ ÇäâçèÉ âÈä Çäá×èÑ ®	        ¨êÓÊ×êÙ©    	   ²à  Çä×äÇÈ àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà  ÍðáØ ÇäãäåÇÊ¬ äãæçå äÇ ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ®		   ¨êÓÊ×êÙ©                                          ¨êÑêÏ©    ³à  ÕÏêâÊæÇ ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà  ÇäÐçÇÈ åÙæÇ Åäé ÇäÓêæåÇ äãæçÇ äÇ àààààààààààààààààààààààààà ®		     ¨êÑêÏ©						   ¨êÓÊ×êÙ©   ´à  ÃæÊ ×ÇäÈ ÌÏêÏ çæÇ¿¡ ¨æÍæ© àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà åÓÇÙÏÊã ¡					   ¨êÓÊ×êÙ©		   µà  Çä×âÓ Çäêèå åå×Ñ èÈÇÑÏ ÌÏÇ ­­ äÇ ààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ÇäÎÑèÌ áêç ®						  ¨êÑêÏ©	   ÊåÑêæ ³±       ãå¿ Specify how many, using the correct form of the noun:  ±à  åæ áÖäã ¬ Èãå ãêäè ÇäÈ×Ç×Ó ¿  Ñ  Èà °µ ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ®  ¨äêÑÉ©  ²à  ãå ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà êÏÎñæ ÎÇäÏ ãä êèå ¿  ¨ÓêÌÇÑÉ©  ³à  äåÇÐÇ ÙÇÏèÇ åæ ÓáÑçå ÈÙÏ àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà áâ× ¿  ¨² êèå©  ´à  ÇäÌêÔ ÈÍÇÌÉ Åäé ÍèÇäê °°± àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ÌÏêÏ ®  ¨ÖÇÈ×©  µà  Çä×âÓ Çäêèå ÍÇÑ ÌÏëÇ  áÇäÍÑÇÑÉ ¹³ àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ®  ¨ÏÑÌÉ åÆèêÉ©  ¶à  äêÓ ÙæÏç ÅäÇñ ÓÊÉ ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà âÈä ÇåÊÍÇæ ÇäËÇæèêÉ ÇäÙÇåÉ ®  ¨ÃÓÈèÙ©  ·à  ÇÈæê ÓÇäå ÙåÑç ±± àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà èÈæÊê Óäèé ÙåÑçÇ ¹ àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ®  ¨ÓæÉ©  ¸à  äÇ êåãæãå Ãæ ÊÌäÓèÇ áê ÇäÔåÓ ÃãËÑ åæ °³ ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ®  ¨ÏâêâÉ©  ¹à  ÎÇäÏ äç ÎåÓÉ àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ®  ¨ÕÏêâ©°±à  áê ÇäÓæÉ ÇäåÇÖêÉ ãÇæ áê çÐÇ ÇäÔÇÑÙ °°± àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ®  ¨ÍÇÏË©±±à  äÇ ÃÓÊ×êÙ ÇäÏÑÇÓÉ áê ÇäåãÊÈÉ ËäÇË àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ¡  ¨ÓÇÙÉ©   ÊåÑêæ ´±       åÙ Òåêä ÎÇäÏ     	ÇÓåê ÓÇåê èÇæÇ Òåêä ÎÇäÏ áê ÇäÌÇåÙÉ ®  ÇæÇ åÙêÏ åËäç ¬ èÃÏÑÓ ÇäÇâÊÕÇÏ ®  äêÓ ÙæÏê åÍÇÖÑÇÊ äÃæñê ÃãÊÈ ÑÓÇäÉ ÇäåÇÌÓÊêÑ çÐç ÇäÓæÉ ®	ÃÐçÈ Åäé ÇäÌÇåÙÉ ãä êèå  Ñ  ÅäÇñ ÇäÌåÙÉ  Ñ  äÃæñê äÇ ÃÓÊ×êÙ ÇäÏÑÇÓÉ èÇäÙåä áê ÇäÈêÊ ®  ÃæÇ èÎÇäÏ ÏÇÆåëÇ æäÊâê êèå ÇäÇÑÈÙÇÁ ÈÙÏ åÍÇÖÑÇÊç èæÐçÈ Çäé ÇäæÇÏê ®  ÎÇäÏ êÍÈ ÇäÔ×ÑæÌ ãËêÑëÇ ¬  ÃåñÇ ÃæÇ ¬ áÃáÖñä ÔïÑòÈ ÇäâçèÉ èÇäãäÇå åÙ ÇäÈæÇÊ ¡  ÃÓÆäÉº   ±à  åæ çè ÓÇåê ¿   ²à  åÇÐÇ êÙåä ¿   ³à  äåÇÐÇ êÐçÈ Åäé ÇäÌÇåÙÉ ãä êèå ¿   ´à  åÇ çèÇêÉ ÓÇåê ÇäåáÖñäÉ ¿    µà  ÎåæèÇ  guessº	æäÊâê  ½  ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà 			ÑÓÇäÉ ÇäåÇÌÓÊêÑ ½ ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà    ÊåÑêæ µ±      Choose the most appropriate word for each sentence:  ±à  ÃèäÇÏê ÏÇÆåëÇ ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà Ãåçå áê ÔÚä ÇäÈêÊ ®	Ãà  êÙåäèæ		È à  êÓÇÙÏèæ		Ìà à êÐÇãÑèæ  ²à  ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà  ÌÏñê åæÐ ÓæÉ ®	Ãà  ÙÇÔ		È à  åÇÊ			Ìà à ÔÙÑ  ³à  àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà åæ ÇäåÏÑÓÉ ÇäËÇæèêÉ Ëå ÇäÊÍâÊ ÈÇäÌÇåÙÉ ®	Ãà  ÊæÇèäÊ		È à  æÒäÊ			Ìà à ÊÎÑÌÊ  ´à  àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ÈæÊ ÙåÊê Ùäé ÇäÏãÊèÑÇç áê ÇäÇâÊÕÇÏ ®	Ãà  ÍÕäÊ		È à  ÇÓÊ×ÇÙÊ		Ìà à æÌÍÊ  µà  ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ãÑÉ ÇäâÏå åÙ ÇÕÏâÇÆê ãä êèå ÌåÙÉ ®	Ãà  ÃÏÎä		È à  ÃäÙÈ			Ìà à ÃÙèÏ  ¶à  ÃÊæÇèä ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà åÙ ÙÇÆäÊê áê ÇäÓÇÙÉ ÇäÓÇÈÙÉ ÕÈÇÍëÇ ®	Ãà  ÇäÙÔÇÁ		È à  Çäá×èÑ			Ìà à ÇäÚÏÇÁ  ·à  áê ÇäåÓÇÁ ¬ ÌäÓÊ áê ÇäæÇÏê ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà  Ëåñ ÐçÈÊ Åäé ÇäÈêÊ ®	Ãà  âäêäÇë		È à  ÃÍêÇæàëÇ			Ìà à ÏÇÆåëÇ  ¸à  ÌÇåÙÉ ¢ÈÑêæÓÊèæ¢  ÌÇåÙÉ ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ®	Ã à  èÍêÏÉ		È à  ËÇæèêÉ			Ìà à ÎÇÕñÉ  ¹à  äÇ àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà âÑÇÁÉ  ÈÙÖ ÇäãäåÇÊ áê çÐç ÇäÑÓÇäÉ ® 	Ãà  ÃÓÊ×êÙ		È à  ÃÊãäñå			Ìà à ÃÓÊåÙ°±à  ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ÇäåáÖäÉ çê ÇäåèÓêâé ®	Ãà  ÏÑÌÊê		È à  çèÇêÊê			Ìà à åÐÇãÑÊê±±à  æÌÍ ÃÍåÏ áê ãä ÇäÇåÊÍÇæÇÊ èÍÕä Ùäé ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ¢ÌêÏ¢ ®  	Ãà  ÈÑæÇåÌ		È à  åÓÊâÈä			Ìà à ÊâÏêÑ²±à  ÓãæÊ áê åæ×âÉ ¢ÇäåÙÇÏê¢ áê ÇäâÇçÑÉ ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ÓæèÇÊ ×áèäÊê ®	Ã à  ×èÇä		È à  ÍèÇäê			Ìà à ÍêË³±à  ÃæÇ ààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà ¬ èÃÑêÏ âäêäÇë åæ ÇäåÇÁ ®	Ã à Ù×ÔÇæ		È à  ÌèÙÇæ			Ìà à ÈÑÏÇæ´±à  êèå àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà äÇ  êÐçÈ ÎÇäÏ Åäé ÇäÌÇåÙÉ ®	Ã à  ÇäÌåÙÉ		È à  ÇäÇËæêæ			Ìà à ÇäÓÈÊµ±à  àààààààààààààààààààààààààààààààà áê ÇäÐçÇÈ Åäé ÇäáÕä ÈÓÈÈ ÇäÇÒÏÍÇå áê ÇäÔÇÑÙ ®	Ã à  ÊÐãÑÊ		È à  ÊÃÎñÑÊ			Ìà à ÎÑÌÊ     ÊåÑêæ ¶±        æÔÇ× åÍÇÏËÉ You have been asked to introduce a distinguished speaker at a lecture.  A formal introduction includes a brief biographical sketch including information on education, publications, travel, and past and present employment.  Interview the speaker to obtain this information and then introduce her or him to the audience.  You may want to use the following words in your introduction:	Öîêá  Ì®  Öïêèá	guest	¢ÓîêñðÏÇÊê èÓÇÏîÊê¢	ÒLadies and gentlemen..Ó    ÊåÑêæ ·±       æÔÇ× ãÊÇÈÉCompare your schedule to that of ÎÇäÏ by completing the chart below.  Add times as you need them.     ÇäÓÇÙÉ			      ÃæÇ  				   ÎÇäÏÇäÓÇÙÉ °³¬¶ÇäÓÇÙÉ °°¬³